Genome-Wide Identification of TaSAUR Gene Family Members in Hexaploid Wheat and Functional Characterization of TaSAUR66-5B in Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies. The promoter regions of most TaSAURs contain hormone responsive elements, and their expression levels change under the treatment of different hormones, such as IAA, MeJA, and ABA. Interestingly, overexpression of one of the TaSAUR family members, a nitrogen starvation responsive gene, TaSAUR66-5B, can promote the growth of Arabidopsis and wheat roots. In addition, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in Arabidopsis up-regulates the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis related genes, suggesting that overexpression TaSAUR66-5B may promote root growth by increasing the biosynthesis of auxin. Furthermore, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in wheat can increase the biomass and grain yields of transgenic plants, as well as the nitrogen concentration and accumulation of both shoots and grains, especially under low nitrogen conditions. This study provides important genomic information of the TaSAUR gene family and lays a foundation for elucidating the functions of TaSAURs in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat.     

PLM及其在服装企业的应用

对PLM进行了介绍．分析了PLM的应用给服装企业带来的改变,并将国内外知名企业成功案例与我国服装企业自身特点相结合,指出了服装企业实施PLM系统的对策。     

原位生成CeB_6/B_4C陶瓷的力学性能和显微组织

通过B4C、CeO2和C的化学反应,采用原位生成法,在热压烧结的条件下制备了CeB6/B4C陶瓷材料.研究了CeB6/B4C陶瓷材料的力学性能和显微组织,并对其增韧机理进行了分析.结果表明:原位生成的CeB6/B4C陶瓷只有CeB6和B4C两相,其显微维氏硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性最大值分别达到40.64GPa、346.7MPa、5.95MPa·m1/2,比纯碳化硼分别提高了52.50%、17.96%、61.68%.原位生成的CeB6颗粒细晶增韧补强,B4C和CeB6颗粒之间热膨胀系数不匹配产生的残余应力导致的裂纹偏转以及沿晶断裂是CeB6/B4C陶瓷的主要增韧机制.     

基于FPA的气动柔性手指康复器及其控制系统

针对现有手指康复器在柔顺性、适用性和安全性方面存在的不足,基于气动柔性驱动器（FPA）设计了一种气动柔性手指康复器,以采用压缩气体驱动并以橡胶材料为主体设计的基于FPA的柔性弯曲关节代替传统的纯机械式结构。根据手指康复器仿生康复的任务要求,设计具有三大模块的控制系统：模式识别模块负责通过采集和分析手指表面肌电信号(sEMG)对主体的动作意图进行识别,并生成康复运动训练方案;角度反馈模块采用AS5045芯片实时检测康复器运动状态并将数据信息反馈至主控制器;主控制模块控制上述训练方案和康复器运动状态实时反馈信号以驱动康复器完成运动训练。实验结果表明,康复器两个关节弯曲期望值为15°和30°时的稳态误差小于0.6°,提出的控制系统能很好地完成sEMG的识别、康复器运动信息检测与反馈和康复训练任务,证明了手指康复器及其控制系统是可行的、有效的。     

纯铝粉末材料单道次等径角挤扭变形的微观组织

对纯铝粉末材料进行200℃单道次等径角挤扭(ECAPT)变形实验研究。采用光学显微镜(OM)、电子背散射技术(EBSD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察和分析变形组织微观结构的变化规律,获得有关晶粒形貌、晶粒尺寸以及晶粒取向分布的信息。结果表明：ECAPT工艺对粉末材料具有强烈的致密和细化效果,1道次ECAPT变形后组织接近完全致密,晶粒细化效果明显,平均晶粒尺寸约为5.2μm;晶粒尺寸分布不均匀,亚晶界和小角度晶界所占比例较高;变形组织内部形成了明显的择优取向,沿剪切方向均匀对称分布,以剪切织构类型为主;200℃条件下,纯铝粉末材料单道次 ECAPT 变形过程中,晶粒的显著细化主要得益于材料组织所承受的剧烈剪切变形和内部所累积的大量有效应变。     

Fabrication of hexagonal gallium nitride films on silicon (111) substrates

Hexagonal gallium nitride films were successfully fabricated through ammoniating Ga2O3 films deposited on silicon (111) substrates by electrophoresis. The structure, composition, and surface morphology of the formed films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The measurement results reveal that the polycrystalline GaN films with hexagonal wurtzite structure were successfully grown on the silicon (111) substrates. Preliminary results suggest that varying the ammoniating temperature has obvious effect on the quality of the GaN films formed with this method.     

Carbon Metabolism of a Soilborne Mn(II)-Oxidizing Escherichia coli Isolate Implicated as a Pronounced Modulator of Bacterial Mn Oxidation

Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are generally considered the primary driving forces in the biological formation of Mn oxides. However, the mechanistic elucidation of the actuation and regulation of Mn oxidation in soilborne bacteria remains elusive. Here, we performed joint multiple gene-knockout analyses and comparative morphological and physiological determinations to characterize the influence of carbon metabolism on the Mn oxide deposit amount (MnODA) and the Mn oxide formation of a soilborne bacterium, Escherichia coli MB266. Different carbon source substances exhibited significantly varied effects on the MnODA of MB266. A total of 16 carbon metabolism-related genes with significant variant expression levels under Mn supplementation conditions were knocked out in the MB266 genome accordingly, but only little effect on the MnODA of each mutant strain was accounted for. However, a simultaneous four-gene-knockout mutant (namely, MB801) showed an overall remarkable MnODA reduction and an initially delayed Mn oxide formation compared with the wild-type MB266. The assays using scanning/transmission electron microscopy verified that MB801 exhibited not only a delayed Mn-oxide aggregate processing, but also relatively smaller microspherical agglomerations, and presented flocculent deposit Mn oxides compared with normal fibrous and crystalline Mn oxides formed by MB266. Moreover, the Mn oxide aggregate formation was highly related to the intracellular ROS level. Thus, this study demonstrates that carbon metabolism acts as a pronounced modulator of MnODA in MB266, which will provide new insights into the occurrence of Mn oxidation and Mn oxide formation by soilborne bacteria in habitats where Mn(II) naturally occurs.     

纳米电子器件呼唤真空化学研究

纳米电子器件是微电子器件发展的下一代 ,现有微电子器件的主要材料是极纯的硅、锗和镓砷等晶体半导体。纳米电子器件有可能是以有机或有机 /无机复合晶体薄膜为主要材料 ,要求纯度更高 ,结构更完善。真空制备的清洁环境 ,有希望加工组装出纳米电子器件所要求的结构。故本文建议开展真空化学研究