复合岩体的TBM破岩机理数值模拟

为了指导TBM刀盘刀具的研制和不同地质条件下刀盘刀具的选型,TBM破岩机理的研究成为核心。在TBM滚刀的作用下,岩体中裂纹的生成、扩展和连接规律是深刻理解TBM破岩机理的前提,因此,TBM滚刀破岩机理的研究具有重要的工程应用价值。目前,TBM滚刀破岩机理的研究主要集中在单一岩体中,但在TBM施工过程中会遇到各种复杂的地质条件。笔者采用离散元方法,研究了复合岩体的破岩机理,复合岩体中岩片的形成不同于单一岩体,其裂纹的最终连接是由起裂于复合岩体交界面上的微裂纹的扩展,将两滚刀之间的赫兹裂纹连接,最终形成岩片。因此,在一定情况下复合岩体更有利于TBM隧道施工。     

稀薄效应下空气静压主轴动态特性分析及试验研究

针对微尺度下空气静压主轴的动态特性问题,建立了体现稀薄效应的主轴有限元模型,对主轴的模态、谐响应进行了研究。首先,基于有限元法对主轴进行建模,轴承部分采用Combin14弹簧单元建模。接着,通过扰动法得出稀薄效应下以及传统情况下轴承的刚度、阻尼参数,将此参数替代主轴模态分析中采用的弹簧单元的刚度、阻尼参数,结合主轴实际工作状态,进而分析出两种情况下的主轴的模态结果。然后,对主轴进行谐响应分析,校核之前模态分析结果。最后,对主轴进行锤击模态试验,从而检验两种状态下的模态分析结果。实验结果表明：稀薄效应下分析所得主轴1阶固有频率值较试验测量值的误差只有3.6%左右,而传统情况下得出的1阶频率值的误差在15%左右,这对主轴系统以后的优化设计和精度控制方面具有一定的理论依据。     

混合策略改进的鲸鱼优化算法

针对标准鲸鱼优化算法易出现搜索速度慢、寻优精度低及早熟收敛等问题,提出一种混合策略改进的鲸鱼优化算法。首先采用混沌映射生成初始种群增加种群多样性,为算法全局搜索奠定基础;然后引入非线性策略改进收敛因子和惯性权重,平衡算法的全局探索与局部开发能力并加快收敛速度;最后根据群体适应度方差设定阈值进行变异操作,避免算法出现早熟收敛的现象。通过对12个典型基准函数进行三方面的性能测试,实验结果表明,改进算法在搜索速度、收敛精度等方面有显著提高,且摆脱陷入局部最优解的能力强。     

基于Filter Wrapper模式的特征选择算法*

特征选择是数据挖掘、机器学习和模式识别中始终面临的一个重要问题。针对类和特征分布不均时,传统信息增益在特征选择中存在的选择偏好问题,本文提出了一种基于信息增益率与随机森林的特征选择算法。该算法结合Filter和Wrapper模式的优点,首先从信息相关性和分类能力两个方面对特征进行综合度量,然后采用序列前向选择（Sequential Forward Selection, SFS）策略对特征进行选择,并以分类精度作为评价指标对特征子集进行度量,从而获取最优特征子集。实验结果表明,本文算法不仅能够达到特征空间降维的效果,而且能够有效提高分类算法的分类性能和查全率。     

打车软件混合随机均衡模型时间可靠性研究*

为了探究打车软件出现后对乘客打车行为的影响,揭示是否使用打车软件对乘客候车时间长短的变化规律,基于路网混合随机均衡模型理论,在考虑打车软件对出租车司机搜索行为影响和随机变化的OD对需求条件下,构建基于弹性需求的打车软件随机用户均衡模型;然后结合乘客等车、司机空驶时间和可靠性计算模型,引入连续平均（MSA）算法和随机路径流量分配（Dial）算法进行求解;最后通过算例验证了所建模型和算法的有效性。研究结果表明不同需求弹性下、是否使用打车软件对会乘客候车时间及候车时间可靠性产生明显的差异。     

Alignment control for a long span urban rail-transit cable-stayed bridge considering dynamic train loads

In this paper, bridge alignment control with considering dynamic train loads was experimentally and theoretically investigated. Analytical process of bridge dynamics and the self-adaptive Kalman filter bridge alignment control method with considering the dynamic train loads were briefly introduced. The static measurement, the dynamic test, the field alignment measurement as well as the finite element analysis (FEA) of the second longest rail transit cable-stayed bridge in the world were carried out. Based on the results, the train dynamic load effect on the bridge alignment was obtained quantitatively. Subsequently, alignment control of the rail transit bridge with considering this effect using a self-adaptive Kalman filter method was analyzed. The results show that: (a) the dynamic train loads have effects on alignment control of the bridge and therefore cannot be neglected; (b) the self-adaptive Kalman filter method is applicable and reliable for alignment control of bridges during construction. The analytical method and whole process contribute to develop a related specification and further engineering applications.     

Parameters inversion of high central core rockfill dams based on a novel genetic algorithm

Parameters identification of rockfill materials is a crucial issue for high rockfill dams. Because of the scale effect, random sampling and sample disturbance, it is difficult to obtain the actual mechanical properties of rockfill from laboratory tests. Parameters inversion based on in situ monitoring data has been proven to be an efficient method for identifying the exact parameters of the rockfill. In this paper, we propose a modified genetic algorithm to solve the high-dimension multimodal and nonlinear optimal parameters inversion problem. A novel crossover operator based on the sum of differences in gene fragments (SoDX) is proposed, inspired by the cloning of superior genes in genetic engineering. The crossover points are selected according to the difference in the gene fragments, defining the adaptive length. The crossover operator increases the speed and accuracy of algorithm convergence by reducing the inbreeding and enhancing the global search capability of the genetic algorithm. This algorithm is compared with two existing crossover operators. The modified genetic algorithm is then used in combination with radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) to perform the parameters back analysis of a high central earth core rockfill dam. The settlements simulated using the identified parameters show good agreement with the monitoring data, illustrating that the back analysis is reasonable and accurate. The proposed genetic algorithm has considerable superiority for nonlinear multimodal parameter identification problems.     

Aerodynamic performance analysis of trains on slope topography under crosswinds

This work used the computational fluid dynamics method combined with full-scale train tests to analyze the train aerodynamic performance on special slope topography. Results show that with the increment in the slope gradient, the aerodynamic forces and moment increase sharply. Compared with the flat ground condition, the lateral force, lift force, and overturning moment of the train on the first line increase by 153.2%, 53.4% and 124.7%, respectively, under the slope gradient of 20°. However, with the increment of the windward side's depth, the windbreak effect is improved obviously. When the depth is equal to 10 m, compared with the 0 m, the lateral force, lift force and overturning moment of the train on the first line decrease by 70.9%, 77.0% and 70.6%,respectively. Through analyzing the influence of slope parameters on the aerodynamic performance of the train, the relationships among them are established. All these will provide a basic reference for enhancing train aerodynamic performances under different slope conditions and achieve reasonable train speeds for the operation safety in different wind environments.     

Temperature control for thermal treatment of aluminum alloy in a large-scale vertical quench furnace

The temperature control of the large-scale vertical quench furnace is very difficult due to its huge volume and complex thermal exchanges. To meet the technical requirement of the quenching process, a temperature control system which integrates temperature calibration and temperature uniformity control is developed for the thermal treatment of aluminum alloy workpieces in the large-scale vertical quench furnace. To obtain the aluminum alloy workpiece temperature, an air heat transfer model is newly established to describe the temperature gradient distribution so that the immeasurable workpiece temperature can be calibrated from the available thermocouple temperature. To satisfy the uniformity control of the furnace temperature, a second order partial differential equation(PDE) is derived to describe the thermal dynamics inside the vertical quench furnace. Based on the PDE, a decoupling matrix is constructed to solve the coupling issue and decouple the heating process into multiple independent heating subsystems. Then, using the expert control rule to find a compromise of temperature rising time and overshoot during the quenching process. The developed temperature control system has been successfully applied to a 31 m large-scale vertical quench furnace, and the industrial running results show the significant improvement of the temperature uniformity, lower overshoot and shortened processing time.     

无挡板搅拌槽内的自由表面湍流流场研究

基于VOF多相流模型,建立了自由液面搅拌流场的数值模型和模拟方法。以偏心和无挡板中心搅拌槽为例,分别使用标准k-ε模型和分离涡模型研究了搅拌槽内流体的时均速度分布,发现数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,仅略低于实验值。整体而言,使用分离涡模型时模拟结果与实验值之间的误差不超过12%,而k-ε模型的模拟精度则较差。研究结果表明,分离涡模型和VOF模型相结合,能很好地模拟搅拌槽内流体的自由液面流动特性。