A semi-Lagrangian level set method for structural optimization

In level set based structural optimization, semi-Lagrange method has an advantage to allow for a large time step without the limitation of Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition for numerical stability. In this paper, a line search algorithm and a sensitivity modulation scheme are introduced for the semi-Lagrange method. The line search attempts to adaptively determine an appropriate time step in each iteration of optimization. With consideration of some practical characteristics of the topology optimization process, incorporating the line search into semi-Lagrange optimization method can yield fewer design iterations and thus improve the overall computational efficiency. The sensitivity modulation is inspired from the conjugate gradient method in finite-dimensions, and provides an alternative to the standard steepest descent search in level set based optimization. Two benchmark examples are presented to compare the sensitivity modulation and the steepest descent techniques with and without the line search respectively.     

Continuum-type optimality criteria methods for large finite element systems with a displacement constraint. Part I

Continuum-type optimality criteria for the iterative optimization of large finite element systems (i.e. systems with over ten thousand finite elements) are discussed. By investigating optimization problems with up to one million elements and one million variables, it is shown that for a single displacement constraint the proposed method results in a rapid and almost uniform convergence, the rate of which, even for relatively ill-conditioned problems, does not depend significantly on the number of elements. Additional refinements, including upper and lower limits on the cross-sectional dimensions, segmentation, allowance for selfweight and the cost of supports, non-linear and non-separable objective functions, inclusion of shear deformations, built-up cross-sections as well as additional stress constraints and two-dimensional (plane stress) problems, will be considered in Part II of this contribution. The current development constitutes an extension and generalization of pioneering work by Berke, Khot, Venkayya and their associates, whose methods are also reviewed herein. In addition to an elementary truss example and a more advanced beam example, some simple layout optimization problems are considered in this Part. A special feature of the paper is that all numerical results presented are confirmed by closed form analytical solutions.     

Equations of state for hard-sphere fluids

Equations of state and contact values of hard-sphere radial distribution functions (rdf's) which are given by a linear combination of the Percus— Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions are considered. In the one-component case the mixing coefficient() is, in general, a function of the volume fraction. In mixtures the coefficient( _i ,d _i ), in general, depends upon the volume fraction _i , and diameterd _i , of each species,i andj. For the contact valuesY _ij of the rdf's, the mixing coefficients _ij ( _k ) also depend on speciesi andj. Density expansions for the exact for the one-component hard-sphere fluid are obtained and compared with several approximations made in earlier works and in our own work, as well as with simulations. For a mixture, it turns out that one cannot obtain the exact fourth virial coefficient by using a linear combination of the Percus-Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions forY _ij unless one allows _ij to depend on mole fractionsx _i even at the zeroth order of its density expansion. We also find that _ij must depend on particle speciesi andj in order to satisfy the exact limits obtained earlier by Sung and Stell. A new equation of state for the binary hard-sphere mixture which satisfies all the exact limits we have considered is suggested.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

是荧光还是散射光?是生物化学方法还是形态学方法?——与赖省生等同志商榷

本文提出:所谓“荧光扫描法”测定杂交水稻子一代种子纯度的方法,不是测定的荧光,而是测定的散射光,由种子表面对光的散射来进行测定。因而实质上仍然是一种形态学的测定方法。     

基于SINS的车辆导航系统性能增强算法研究

SINS的车辆导航系统的参数误差随时间积累,使得车辆的定位融合算法存在非线性及易发散等问题,而无法长时间得到高精度、高可靠性的导航参数。本文设计了一种带速度约束条件的SINS车辆导航滤波算法来增强SINS车辆导航系统的定位精度与持续工作能力,建立了具体的系统方程与观测方程,并进行了Matlab仿真实验。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制发散现象,速度误差和经纬度误差分别能够保持在2m/s和15m的范围内,从而保证了车辆导航的精度要求。     

基于LabView平台的齿轮箱性能动态测试与诊断

提出了基于Labview技术的齿轮箱性能动态测试和故障诊断方法,给出了系统的软硬件结构和功能模块,通过对齿轮箱振动信号的采集、处理与分析,实现对齿轮故障的诊断。应用表明系统具有程序编写简单、抗干扰能力强、测试效率高的特点。大大提高了齿轮箱性能动态测试和故障诊断的水平。     

基于软件工程过程的安全需求工程SREP研究

当今的安全解决方案更多地集中在提供安全防御,而不是解决IS安全问题的起因。为了辅助企业组织构造出一个适合自身的充分安全系统,改变以往的被动防御方式,提出了一个启发企业安全需求的安全需求工程SREP。它与系统研发过程相集成,全面分析和收集安全需求,通过一个系统的方法将安全需求整合到软件工程过程中。通过安全需求工程SREP的9个环节,保障企业有效抵御来自企业内部或外部潜在的威胁,从而达到防患于未然的目的。     

高斯颜色模型在瓷片图像分类中的应用

由于RGB颜色空间不能很好贴近人的视觉感知,同时也缺少对空间结构的描述,因此采用兼顾颜色信息和空间信息的高斯颜色模型以获取更全面的特征,提出了一种基于高斯颜色模型和多尺度滤波器组的彩色纹理图像分类法,用于瓷器碎片图像的分类。首先将原始图像的RGB颜色空间转换到高斯颜色模型;再用正规化多尺度LM滤波器组对高斯颜色模型的3个通道构造滤波图像,并借助主成分分析寻找主特征图,接着选取各通道的最大高斯拉普拉斯和最大高斯响应图像,与特征图联合构成特征图像组用以进行参数提取;最后以支持向量机作为分类器进行学习和分类。实验结果表明,与基于灰度的、基于RGB模型的和基于RGB_bior 4.4小波的方法相比,本文方法具有更好的分类结果,其中在Outex纹理图像库上获得的分类准确率为96.7%,在瓷片图像集上获得的分类准确率为94.2%。此方法可推广应用到其他彩色纹理分类任务。     

韦伯-中心环绕结构的图像显著性检测模型

受韦伯定理和协作式中心环绕接收域生物模型的启发,提出一种适用于图像显著性检测的中心环绕假设,设计了一种具有圆形拓扑的中心环绕结构,并给出基于该模型的融合局部和全局特性的显著性检测算法。该算法提取各像素的中心环绕结构,以基于韦伯特性的梯度方向表征局部显著性,中心区域相对于总体均值的相对亮度差表征全局显著性,然后采用线性合并方法得到最终的显著图。检测结果及正确率-召回率评估曲线表明该算法具有良好的检测特性,并且在激活区域具有强响应,同时还能很好地抑制其他区域。     

改进的Beamlet与Canny相结合提取复杂图像线特征

传统Beamlet无结构算法在提取图像线特征时不仅存在重叠模糊的缺陷,而且在提取复杂图像线特征时不能有效地检测出目标信息,细节特征更是难以刻画。针对这些问题,提出将改进的Beamlet无结构算法与Canny算子相结合的方法提取复杂图像的线特征。首先,对图像进行Beamlet变换,通过改进Beamlet无结构算法,采用新的能量统计和制定新的划线规则,以保证每个二进方块最多有一条最优基;然后,对图像用Canny算子检测边缘,通过选取较大的Sigma,只检测明显的大边缘;最后,两者结合得到图像的线特征。从检测的线特征的线型连接程度等方面对该算法的性能进行了评价,并与现有的方法进行了比较,实验结果表明,该方法克服了两种方法单独提取线特征时存在的断裂、重叠、模糊和虚假边缘的缺点,有效地提高了复杂图像线特征提取的准确性和连续性。