Interfacial reaction and shear strength of SnAgCu-xNi/Ni solder joints during aging at 150 °C

The interfacial microstructure and shear strength of Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu-xNi (SAC-xNi, x = 0.5, 1, and 2) composite solders on Ni/Au finished Cu pads were investigated in detail after aging at 150 °C for up to 1000 h. The interfacial characteristics of composite solder joints were affected significantly by the weight percentages of added Ni micro-particles and aging time. After aging for 200 h, the solder joints of SAC, SAC-0.5Ni and -1Ni presented duplex intermetallic compound (IMC) layers regardless of the initial interfacial structure on as-reflowed joints, whose upper and lower IMC layers were comprised of (CuNi)₆Sn₅ and (NiCu)₃Sn₄, respectively. Only a single (NiCu)₃Sn₄ IMC layer was ever observed at the SAC-2Ni/Ni interface on whole aging process. Based on the compositional analysis, the amount of Ni within the IMC regions increased as the proportion of Ni addition increased. The IMC (NiCu)₃Sn₄ layer thickness on the interface of SAC and SAC-0.5Ni grew more slowly when compared to that of SAC-1Ni and -2Ni, while for the (CuNi)₆Sn₅ layer the reverse is true. Except the IMCs sizes are increased with increased aging time, the interfacial IMCs tended to transfer their morphologies to polyhedra. In all composite joints testing, the shear strengths were approximately equal to non-composite joints. The fracturing observed during shear testing of composite joints occurred in the bulk solder, indicating that the SAC-xNi/Ni solder joints had a desirable joint reliability.     

基于统计的近场声源定位方法

基于麦克风阵列的声源定位技术可以广泛应用于音视频会议、说话人跟踪与识别以及助听器等众多场合中。根据语音信号的短时平稳特性,文中提出了一种改进的基于MUSIC算法进行声源二维定位的方法。该方法按帧交叉进行声源数估计和声源方位估计,最后对多帧信号的估计值进行统计、平均得到最终的方位估计和较准确的声源数估计。仿真结果表明,这种方法能有效解决由于声源数估计不准确导致的峰值搜索时偏差较大的问题,并且具有良好的抗噪性能。     

IEEE 1588的时钟设备模型研究

IEEE 1588标准是运行在分布式测量和控制系统上,使对系统上各个节点上的独立时钟保持同步。IEEE 1588标准中定义了三种时钟设备模型,对于每一个节点,都会采用一种具体的时钟设备模型。本文就协议中的时钟模型进行分析,并对特定的网络拓扑结构采用不同的时钟模型测试,根据测试结果分析各个时钟模型在同步网络中的应用。     

某雷达系统标校球RCS数据库系统设计

针对某雷达系统外场测量的RCS数据量过大,数据文件缺乏统一规范化管理的问题,文中通过分析与建立RCS数据库密切相关的参数,研究其对外场RCS数据测量结果的重要影响,提出了标校球RCS数据库设计思想,并给出了模型的设计及其关键问题的解决方法。     

数字波束相位成形失真分析

数字波束系统中,通常采用相位加权实现波束成形,但这种方式对具有一定带宽的调制信号而言是存在失真的。为了研究这种失真对典型数字通信的影响,首先建立了一维线性均匀加权直线阵数字波束成形模型,介绍了这种阵列天线相位波束成形的原理,随后结合BPSK调制信号,对数字波束相位成形过程进行推导,获得相位成形波束接收信号数学表达式。通过分析表明对于BPSK调制信号而言,相位波束成形会引入码间串扰,并且串扰影响随着阵列规模增大、信息速率提高、波束扫描角度增大而加剧。     

基于分类树的雷达软件测试用例设计

现代雷达软件测试由于软件规模越来越大,利用常规的组合覆盖方法测试各功能单元工程上越来越不现实。文章针对分类树方法设计测试用例产生大量冗余测试用例的缺陷,提出了在分类树方法生成的用例集基础上,利用正交试验设计法对其进行精简优化,以提高测试效率。实验结果表明,基于正交试验设计法的测试用例优化,可以有效减少冗余测试用例,节省测试资源和成本,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

移动网智能管道发展的挑战和应对

探讨了移动智能管道的定义和内涵,分析目前移动网智能管道发展的架构、能力完善和协同、管道价值挖掘、运营机制优化这4个方面的挑战,并给出了应对策略。     

接触电极功函数对反式锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

因反式锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池可避免J-V迟滞以及铅元素,基于SCAPS-1D设计结构为ITO/HTL/CH3NH3SnI3/PCBM/back-contact的反式锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池器件.其中NiO、Cu2O以及P3HT分别作为空穴传输层,探讨导电玻璃ITO功函数在4.6?5.0 eV范围内电池性能的变化,并分析Al、...     

Rational Designs for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Low Electrolyte/Sulfur Ratio

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered a promising next-generation energy storage device owing to their high theoretical energy density. However, their overall performance is limited by several critical issues such as lithium polysulfide (PS) shuttles, low sulfur utilization, and unstable Li metal anodes. Despite recent huge progress, the electrolyte/sulfur ratio (E/S) used is usually very high (≥20 µL mg⁻¹), which greatly reduces the practical energy density of devices. To push forward LSBs from the lab to the industry, considerable attention is devoted to reducing E/S while ensuring the electrochemical performance. To date, however, few reviews have comprehensively elucidated the possible strategies to achieve that purpose. In this review, recent advances in low E/S cathodes and anodes based on the issues resulting from low E/S and the corresponding solutions are summarized. These will be beneficial for a systematic understanding of the rational design ideas and research trends of low E/S LSBs. In particular, three strategies are proposed for cathodes: preventing PS formation/aggregation to avoid inadequate dissolution, designing multifunctional macroporous networks to address incomplete infiltration, and utilizing an imprison strategy to relieve the adsorption dependence on specific surface area. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for low E/S LSBs are discussed.     

光纤布拉格光栅非线性孤子的特性分析

以非线性耦合模理论为基础，用数值计算的方法分析了光纤光栅非线性孤子的特性。结果表明，在较弱光脉冲输入时，脉冲被展宽幅度降低；在强光脉冲输入时，脉冲的幅度，速度和脉宽保持不变，孤子形成；当更强光脉冲输入时，脉冲被压缩同时产生随距离而变的线性啁啾。当波长位于负色散区的弱脉冲和位于正常色散区的强泵浦脉冲共同传输时，输入弱脉冲被压缩。