In this paper an analysis of the presence and possibilities of altmetrics for bibliometric and performance analysis is carried out. Using the web based tool Impact Story, we collected metrics for 20,000 random publications from the Web of Science. We studied both the presence and distribution of altmetrics in the set of publications, across fields, document types and over publication years, as well as the extent to which altmetrics correlate with citation indicators. The main result of the study is that the altmetrics source that provides the most metrics is Mendeley, with metrics on readerships for 62.6 % of all the publications studied, other sources only provide marginal information. In terms of relation with citations, a moderate spearman correlation (r = 0.49) has been found between Mendeley readership counts and citation indicators. Other possibilities and limitations of these indicators are discussed and future research lines are outlined. 相似文献
This paper describes the results of an intensive whisker formation study on Pb-free assemblies with different levels of cleanliness.
Thirteen types of as-received surface-mount and pin-through-hole components were cleaned and intentionally contaminated with
solutions containing chloride, sulfate, bromide, and nitrate. Then the parts were assembled on double-sided boards that were
also cleaned or intentionally contaminated with three fluxes having different halide contents. The assemblies were subjected
to high-temperature/high-humidity testing (85°C/85% RH). Periodic examination found that contamination triggered whisker formation
on both exposed tin and solder fillets. Whisker occurrence and parameters depending on the type and level of contamination
are discussed. Cross-sections were used to assess the metallurgical aspects of whisker formation and the microstructural changes
occurring during corrosion. 相似文献
Mica-based glasses in the SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-K2O-F system were prepared by a sintering method to investigate the effects of different amounts of hematite (Fe2O3) on thermal and sintering behaviors besides machinability of the glasses by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope techniques. DTA analysis on fine and coarse glass powders indicated that the main crystallization mechanism in this system occurred in the bulk rather than the surface. Increasing Fe2O3 content to 5 wt.% improved machinability of the glass ceramic. Fe2O3 led to the disruption of the glass matrix and facilitated the nucleation of the crystalline phase. Precipitation of sellite (MgF2) crystals as heterogeneous nucleating sites for potassium phlogopite crystals acted as a second contribution to the machinability of the 5 wt.% Fe2O3-containing sample. However, introducing more than 5 wt.% Fe2O3 to the base glass prohibited the nucleation of MgF2, and as a result, large micas formed within the glass. This together with precipitation of cordierite aggregates in highly doped glass with Fe2O3 led to lower machinability in these samples. 相似文献
A glassy carbon electrode modified with MCM-41 and bimetallic inorganic–organic nanofiber hybrid nanocomposite was prepared and used for determination of trace levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The direct electron transfer (DET) and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin (Hb) entrapped in the MCM-41 modified Au–Pt inorganic–organic nanofiber hybrid nanocomposite electrode (Au–PtNP/NF/GCE) were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. Due to its uniform pore structure, high surface area and good biocompatibility, the mesoporous silica sieve MCM-41 provided a suitable matrix for immobilization of biomolecules. The MCM-41 modified Au–Pt inorganic–organic nanofiber hybrid nanocomposite electrode showed significant promotion to DET of Hb, which exhibited a pair of well-defined and quasi-reversible peaks for heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) with a formal potential of ?0.535 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Additionally, the Hb immobilized on the MCM-41 modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2 reduction. 相似文献
Continuous gas injection (CGI) in the conventional horizontal flooding patterns leads to severe gravity segregation and poor reservoir contact (sweep) volumes. To improve the sweep efficiency, the Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) process has been widely practiced in the industry. However, the WAG process has not measured up to expectations, as evidenced by the low recoveries observed in several field cases.
The Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process is designed and practiced based on gravity drainage idea and uses the advantage of density difference between injected gas and reservoir oil to overcome the drawbacks of the WAG process.
In this study, a comparison of enhanced heavy-oil recovery by three methods (CGI, WAG, and GAGD) is conducted by a commercial numerical simulator in a sector model of an Iranian offshore field. For this purpose, different production scenarios are designed. Moreover, the effect of several parameters such as injection fluid (CO2, hydrocarbon gas), in situ oil viscosity (heavy or extremely heavy oil), rate and volume of injection, and also three different WAG ratios are studied.
The results show that the GAGD method is not suitable for this field as the thickness of pay zone is low for vertical sweep efficiency and causes early breakthrough of injected gas. Also, CGI leads to lower recoveries compared to the WAG process, due to its unfavorable mobility ratio. Injection of CO2 instead of hydrocarbon gas results in higher sweep efficiency because of its viscosity reduction and swelling effects. In case of extremely heavy-oil recovery, with decreasing well spacing, the oil recovery factor increases as the drainage radius of wells reduces substantially due to high-viscosity oil. 相似文献
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of fermentation parameters for glutamic acid (GA) production
by Corynebacterium glutamicum CECT690 in submerged fermentation using palm date waste as substrate. To attain this purpose at the first stage, inoculum
size, substrate concentration, penicillin concentration, phosphate concentration, and inoculum age were optimized for GA production.
The next stage, the level of air flow rate in a 5-l fermenter (batch mode) which was run in optimized conditions was determined.
The first stage gave the following results for the fermentation conditions optimized using RSM in 500-ml shake flasks: inoculum
size 2% (v/v), substrate concentration 25% (w/v), penicillin concentration 1 U/ml, phosphate concentration 4 g/l, and inoculum age 10 h. Moreover, the maximum GA amount
predicted by the model was 39.32 mg/ml. This was in agreement with the actual experimental value (36.64 mg/ml). In the second
stage of the study, the amounts of GA were 118.75, 142.25, and 95.83 mg/ml in optimized conditions with the three levels of
air flow rate of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.6 vvm, respectively. The present results demonstrate the potential of date waste juice as
a substrate for producing GA by cultivation of C. glutamicum. 相似文献