基于振动实测的非均质地层钻头失效分析与对策

四川盆地作为国内页岩气开发的重点区域,通过近几年的不断攻关和实践,机械钻速得到了提高,但由于受地层复杂、可钻性差、非均质性强等地质因素的影响,导致井下钻柱系统不良振动剧烈,容易出现钻头损坏严重、钻速较低等问题,严重影响了钻井时效。为了解决上述难题,以该盆地涪陵工区上二叠统龙潭组—中二叠统茅口组为例,采用井下振动高频测量工具的实测手段,测量了钻头—钻柱系统的动态振动加速度参数,结合地层的岩性和矿物组分分析,研究钻头失效原因与对策,并开展了现场试验。研究结果表明:①在非均质地层中钻进的钻头—钻柱系统产生了大于40 m/s~2的高幅值瞬时冲击振动,高幅值的瞬时冲击是导致钻头先期失效的主要原因;②提出了抑制高幅值的瞬时冲击振动采用"减振+增压"工具组合和避免井下工具共振的钻井参数;③采用钻井新参数的试验井比邻井的高幅值瞬时振动降低了17%,单只钻头进尺增加24%,钻头工作环境得到了较大的改善,钻头使用数量减少。结论认为,该研究成果能够有效地改善钻头—钻柱系统的振动状态,有利于达成延长钻头使用寿命的目标。     

煤气化废水处理工艺探讨

煤气化废水的特点是温度高、硬度高、NH3-N高、有机物含量相对不足。针对这些特点引起的运行不稳定,逐一提出解决方案,并形成一套完整的针对煤气化废水的处理工艺。     

智能型电子式变频电动执行器及其应用

针对原有电动执行器只有以低速运行，通过极强的微调才能修正微小偏差这一缺点，提出智能型电动执行器与各种阀体譬合，利用数字化变频技术，改造目前采用模拟技术的电动执行器，使之具有变速运行、动态响应块，调节定位精度高、稳定性好，故障率低、使用寿命长和应用场合广泛的特点。     

On the performance of band-limited asynchronous DS-CDMA over nakagami-m channels

In this paper we investigated the BER performance of DS-CDMA using various chip-waveforms, which include three time-limited chip-waveforms and two band-limited chip-waveforms. Closed-form formulae were derived for evaluating the achievable bit-error rate performance with the aid of the standard Gaussian approximation, when communicating over a Nakagami-m channel. The time-limited waveforms impose a low implementational complexity, since they maybe over sampled and read from a look-up table. However, they are outperformed by the frequency-domain raised-cosine waveform as well as the optimum waveform specifically designed by Cho and Lehnert for achieving the lowest possible bit error rate     

最大塑性功原理在烧结体上限分析中的应用

最大塑性功原理又称第二塑性变分原理，在致密体塑性变形分析叶l是运用能量法进行变形力能计算的基础。本文从分析Drucker公设的亢要条件出发，证明了烧结体塑性变形最大塑性功原理的存在，片在该原理的荩础卜，推导出塑性变形的上限功率表达式，并以平面挤压条件下的上限法应用作为实例加以说明。     

Study on Hydrocracking of VGO Derived from Kazakhstan-Russian Mixed Crude

1 Introduction With the successful completion of the construction of the China-Kazakhstan oil pipeline the refinery at Dushanzi Pet- rochemical Company will process the Kazakhstan-Russian mixed crude at full steam starting 2007. The high sulfur, nitro- gen and heavy metals contents in the Kazakhstan-Russian mixed crude would have a serious impact on the secondary processing units of the Dushanzi refinery, in particular on the distillate hydrocracking unit, which mainly operates on vacuum g…     

Cover Picture: Arresting,Fixing, and Separating Dimers Composed of Uniform Silica Colloidal Spheres (Adv. Funct. Mater. 12/2006)

In colloidal suspensions of silica, particles undergo constant collisions. By controlling various parameters, the repulsive barrier can be reduced, thereby substantially increasing the number of collision‐induced dimerization events. Xia and co‐workers report on p. 1627 that the dimers could be arrested and then permanently fixed by introducing a small amount of fresh tetraethylorthosilicate into the colloidal suspension, with monodisperse dimer yields of up to 50 %. This yield could be increased to 80 % by centrifugation in a density gradient medium. When fresh tetraethylorthosilicate is introduced into a colloidal suspension of silica spheres, it hydrolyzes and condenses in situ to arrest and fix the dimers resulting from constant collisions between the spheres. By optimizing the experimental parameters (including the length of aging time) and the diameter of the silica spheres, as well as the concentrations of counterions, water, and ammonia, it is possible to routinely produce monodisperse dimers with a yield as high as 50 %. When combined with centrifugation using a density gradient medium, the yield of such dimers could be further increased to 80 %. It is believed that this method will provide a simple and versatile approach to the high‐volume production of dimers from spherical colloids composed of different materials. These dimers may find widespread use in a range of applications such as fabrication of photonic crystals and fundamental studies related to colloidal science.     

Performance and Commercial Application of the Promoter LCC-A for Maximization of Propylene Yield

1 Introduction Propylene as an important feedstock for organic chemicals is mainly originated from steam cracking and catalytic cracking processes. During the FCC process the propylene content varies with the FCC catalyst and process technology adopted, resulting in significant difference in propylene concentration in the cracked product——LPG. The conventional FCC pro- cess generally gives a propylene yield of around 4%, while the FCC process with maximization of propylene yield can in…