This paper describes a design methodology for piezoelectric energy harvesters that thinly encapsulate the mechanical devices and exploit resonances from higher-order vibrational modes. The direction of polarization determines the sign of the piezoelectric tensor to avoid cancellations of electric fields from opposite polarizations in the same circuit. The resultant modified equations of state are solved by finite element method (FEM). Combining this method with the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method for piezoelectric material, we have developed an optimization methodology that optimizes the piezoelectric material layout and polarization direction. Updating the density function of the SIMP method is performed based on sensitivity analysis, the sequential linear programming on the early stage of the optimization, and the phase field method on the latter stage of the optimization to obtain clear optimal shapes without intermediate density. Numerical examples are provided that illustrate the validity and utility of the proposed method. 相似文献
Thirty-six castorbean varieties were surveyed for oil and fatty acid composition, in order to determine variability of these
seed compounds. A large variability of seed oil percentage was observed, ranging from 39.6 to 59.5%. Concerning the fatty
acids, little variability was observed for ricinoleic acid, which was the most abundant in the oil, ranging from 83.65 to
90.00%. The other fatty acids appeared in small concentrations and showed a small range: 0.87 to 2.35, 0.68 to 1.84, 2.96
to 5.64, 3.19 to 5.98, and 0.34 to 0.91%, for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid, respectively. Non-significant
correlations were observed between fatty acids and seed oil percentage. However, significant correlations were observed among
fatty acid concentrations: positive and negative ones. These significant correlations could be associated with the biosynthetic
pathways of the fatty acids, which are not fully elucidated. They suggest, however, that selection for a particular fatty
acid will tend to increase those positively correlated, and decrease those negative ones. Selection and plant breeding techniques
could then be applied to modify the oil content of the castorbean seeds, considering the variability observed. For the fatty
acid composition, however, the variability was not large enough to make substantial changes in their concentrations by selection
procedures. More varieties should be surveyed to find out if such variability is available. 相似文献
The metabolism of 1-acyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-acyl-PAF), a naturally occurring analogue of platelet activating factor (PAF), was investigated
in rabbit platelets. Our studies showed that 1-acyl-[3H]PAF (1-palmitoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho[N-methyl-3H]-choline) was converted by platelets into phosphatidyl-[3H]choline ([3H]PC) in a time-dependent fashion. The formation of [3H]PC occurred at a rate similar to that observed when lyso-[3H]PC (palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho[N-methyl-3H]choline) was used as substrate. In addition, a time-dependent increase in the level of water-soluble radioactivity was observed
during the incubation of platelets with either 1-acyl-[3H]PAF or lyso-[3H]PC. This increase was parallel to the formation of [3H]PC and was not observed in the presence of [14C]PAF (1-octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-3-phospho[N methyl-14C]choline). Analysis by thin-layer chromatography showed that the soluble radioactivity was mainly associated with glycerophosphocholine
(GPC). On the other hand, the preincubation of platelets with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, an inhibitor of the acetylhydrolase,
reduced the hydrolysis of 1-acyl-[3H]PAF to [3H]GPC with a concomitant accumulation of radioactivity in 1-acyl-PAF. These findings suggest that 1-acyl-PAF is converted
into PC through deacetylation-reacylation with lysoPC as an obligatory intermediate. The findings also indicate that the lysoPC
resulting from 1-acyl-PAF is either reacylated to phosphatidylcholine (PC) or hydrolyzed to GPC by lysophospholipase. Finally,
we showed that the stimulation of platelets with PAF led to a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the conversion
of 1-acyl-[3H]PAF to [3H]PC. The stimulatory effect of PAF was not observed when platelets were lysed before incubation, suggesting that PAF enhances
the metabolism of 1-acyl-PAF, probably by accelerating its translocation through the plasma membrane. 相似文献
The effect of elemental sulfur (S8) and tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) on the chemical crosslinking of PVC is studied. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and gel content of crosslinked and uncrosslinked PVC molded samples, cured at different times in hot air, are evaluated. It was found that crosslinking PVC with TMTD improves its mechanical properties, and adding S8 produces a slight improvement. Also, the S8 presence accelerated the PVC/TMTD crosslinking reaction when the crosslinking reaction was carried out under shear forces, but not when the curing was done in hot air, where the S8 retards the process. 相似文献
Pattern Analysis and Applications - Digital holography is an imaging process able to recreate three-dimensional representations of objects from recording pattern interference among distinct waves.... 相似文献
Cognition, Technology & Work - Rapid technological innovations are constantly influencing the complexification and automatization of the work lines pushing human operators to use diverse... 相似文献
Sense representations have gone beyond word representations like Word2Vec, GloVe and FastText and achieved innovative performance on a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Although very useful in many applications, the traditional approaches for generating word embeddings have a strict drawback: they produce a single vector representation for a given word ignoring the fact that ambiguous words can assume different meanings. In this paper, we explore unsupervised sense representations which, different from traditional word embeddings, are able to induce different senses of a word by analyzing its contextual semantics in a text. The unsupervised sense representations investigated in this paper are: sense embeddings and deep neural language models. We present the first experiments carried out for generating sense embeddings for Portuguese. Our experiments show that the sense embedding model (Sense2vec) outperformed traditional word embeddings in syntactic and semantic analogies task, proving that the language resource generated here can improve the performance of NLP tasks in Portuguese. We also evaluated the performance of pre-trained deep neural language models (ELMo and BERT) in two transfer learning approaches: feature based and fine-tuning, in the semantic textual similarity task. Our experiments indicate that the fine tuned Multilingual and Portuguese BERT language models were able to achieve better accuracy than the ELMo model and baselines.
The quality of machined components is currently of high interest, for the market demands mechanical components of increasingly high performance, not only from the standpoint of functionality but also from that of safety. Components produced through operations involving the removal of material display surface irregularities resulting not only from the action of the tool itself, but also from other factors that contribute to their superficial texture. This texture can exert a decisive influence on the application and performance of the machined component. This article analyzes the behavior of the minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) technique and compares it with the conventional cooling method. To this end, an optimized fluid application method was devised using a specially designed nozzle, by the authors, through which a minimum amount of oil is sprayed in a compressed air flow, thus meeting environmental requirements. This paper, therefore, explores and discusses the concept of the MQL in the grinding process. The performance of the MQL technique in the grinding process was evaluated based on an analysis of the surface integrity (roughness, residual stress, microstructure and microhardness). The results presented here are expected to lead to technological and ecological gains in the grinding process using MQL. 相似文献
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aim to improve safety, mobility and environmental performance of road transport. The INSIGMA project provides a fresh look at the possible innovations in this field, by enhancing the functionality and accuracy of ITS in urban environments. This paper describes the architecture, sensors, processing algorithms, output modules and advantages of the developed system. A comparison of existing ITS systems has been provided as background. Special attention has been given to performance and privacy issues, as the system includes social aspects such as location monitoring. 相似文献