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961.
Emily S. Patterson David D. Woods Richard I. Cook Marta L. Render 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2007,9(3):155-162
Resilience, the ability to adapt or absorb disturbance, disruption, and change, may be increased by team processes in a complex,
socio-technical system. In particular, collaborative cross-checking is a strategy where at least two individuals or groups
with different perspectives examine the others’ assumptions and/or actions to assess validity or accuracy. With this strategy,
erroneous assessments or actions can be detected quickly enough to mitigate or eliminate negative consequences. In this paper,
we seek to add to the understanding of the elements that are needed in effective cross-checking and the limitations of the
strategy. We define collaborative cross-checking, describe in detail three healthcare incidents where collaborative cross-checks
played a key role, and discuss the implications of emerging patterns. 相似文献
962.
Emergency department status boards: user-evolved artefacts for inter- and intra-group coordination 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Robert L. Wears Shawna J. Perry Stephanie Wilson Julia Galliers James Fone 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2007,9(3):163-170
Large, easily viewed status boards are commonly used in some healthcare settings such as emergency departments, operating
theaters, intensive care units, and inpatient wards. Because these artefacts were developed by front-line users, and have
little to no supervisory or regulatory control, they offer valuable insights into the theories of work and hazard held by
those users. Although the status boards case were locally developed over many years for within-group coordination, they have
also become useful for between-group coordination across organizational boundaries. In this paper, we compare and contrast
the use of such status boards in two disparate settings: a US emergency department, and a UK pediatric ward, and note striking
similarities in their form and usage, despite the large differences in setting. 相似文献
963.
964.
Modeling mechatronic multibody systems requires the same type of methodology as for designing and prototyping mechatronic
devices: a unified and integrated engineering approach. Various formulations are currently proposed to deal with multiphysics
modeling, e.g., graph theories, equational approaches, co-simulation techniques. Recent works have pointed out their relative
advantages and drawbacks, depending on the application to deal with: model size, model complexity, degree of coupling, frequency
range, etc. This paper is the result of a close collaboration between three laboratories, and aims at showing that for “non-academic”
mechatronic applications (i.e., issuing from real industrial issues), multibody dynamics formulations can be generalized to
mechatronic systems, for the model generation as well as for the numerical analysis phases. Model portability being also an
important aspect of the work, they must be easily interfaced with control design and optimization programs. A global “demonstrator”,
based on an industrial case, is discussed: multiphysics modeling and mathematical optimization are carried out to illustrate
the consistency and the efficiency of the proposed approaches. 相似文献
965.
966.
967.
968.
E. M. Gavrishchuk E. Yu. Vilkova O. V. Timofeev U. P. Borovskikh E. L. Tikhonova 《Inorganic Materials》2007,43(6):579-583
Chemical interaction between polished surfaces of polycrystalline zinc selenide and inorganic acid solutions of various concentrations has been studied. 相似文献
969.
V. V. Ustinov A. B. Rinkevich L. N. Romashev E. A. Kuznetsov 《Technical Physics Letters》2007,33(9):771-774
The reflection of electromagnetic waves in the millimeter wave band from Fe/Cr nanostructures has been studied. It is established that the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in the nanostructure leads to an increase in the reflection and a decrease in the transmission of microwaves, while the magnetic resonance leads to a decrease in both the reflection and transmission coefficients. 相似文献
970.
土壤中石油污染物微生物降解及其降解去向 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过多因素对比预实验,将筛选出的7个石油烃降解的主要影响因素以正交表方法组合起来,对其进行了实验研究。探讨了石油迁移转化对于各种土壤物理化学条件及其他环境因素改变的敏感程度,并找出了各主要影响因素的重要性和最佳水平;测定了土壤中所存在的石油污染物在生物降解作用下的后期产物,研究了不同条件下的样品残留污染物组分之间的差异。影响土壤中石油烃类降解的主要因素有土壤石油污染强度、营养物(NH4NO3、K2HPO4)、氧化剂(3%H2O2溶液)、表面活性剂(TW80)、温度、土壤含水率和土壤透气性;在降解的不同阶段,各个因素的重要性以及最佳水平会发生相应的变化;在生物降解后期,土壤中残留的石油污染物主要是正构和异构烷烃;正构烷烃的色谱图由原来的对称钟形变为左陡右缓的偏钟形;异构烷烃所占比重增大,正十五烷和正二十一烷之间的谱图基线被明显抬高。 相似文献