Transparentes leitfähiges TiO2:Nb – ein TCO‐Material der Zukunft?

Transparent conductive TiO₂:Nb – a TCO material of the future? Niobium doped titania is a widely unknown TCO material. We present the results of TiO₂:Nb thin films deposited by DC and pulse DC sputtering from a ceramic titania target with a content of approximately 6 wt.‐percent Nb in a pilot scale in‐line sputtering plant. With DC sputtering on Borofloat 33 substrate a 100 nm thin film show after annealing at 450 °C a resistivity of 7.2 × 10^?4 Ωcm with a low extinction coefficient of 0.02 and a transmittance in the visible range of 74.8%.     

Mixtures of ionic liquid and organic carbonate as electrolyte with improved safety and performance for rechargeable lithium batteries

In this paper we report the results of physical–chemical and electrochemical investigations performed on ternary mixtures of the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR₁₄TFSI), propylene carbonate (PC), and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. The thermal stability, ionic conductivity, viscosity and electrochemical stability windows of all considered mixtures were investigated and compared with those of electrolytes based on the pure PYR₁₄TFSI and PC. The mixtures were also used as electrolyte in combination with LiFePO₄-based electrodes. The specific capacity and cycling stability of these systems were investigated at different C-rates, both at room temperature and 60 °C.     

The mechanism of crystallization; A revision of concepts. Comment

The results of micro-cinematographic studies on procesess taking place on the (100) face of NaCl crystals growing from a solution containing 2–4.10^?3 M Pb²⁺ are presented. It is demonstrated that the crystallization of NaCl with Pb²⁺ conforms qualitatively to the Glassner conception of “heterogeneous nuclei”.     

Expressions of supersaturation in crystallization studies

The driving force for crystallization in a binary system is considered from the thermodynamic viewpoint. Exact relationships, derived for particular cases, are compared with commonly used expressions of supersaturation calculated from solution concentrations. Errors incurred when activity coefficient ratios are ignored are evaluated. The need to incorporate the number of ions, into which a molecule dissociates, in the expressions of supersaturation for electrolyte solutions is emphasized. Examples are given for the crystallization of several inorganic salts from aqueous solution.     

Tele-Presence in Populated Exhibitions Through Web-Operated Mobile Robots

This paper presents techniques that facilitate mobile robots to be deployed as interactive agents in populated environments such as museum exhibitions or trade shows. The mobile robots can be tele-operated over the Internet and, this way, provide remote access to distant users. Throughout this paper we describe several key techniques that have been developed in this context. To support safe and reliable robot navigation, techniques for environment mapping, robot localization, obstacle detection and people-tracking have been developed. To support the interaction of both web and on-site visitors with the robot and its environment, appropriate software and hardware interfaces have been employed. By using advanced navigation capabilities and appropriate authoring tools, the time required for installing a robotic tour-guide in a museum or a trade fair has been drastically reduced. The developed robotic systems have been thoroughly tested and validated in the real-world conditions offered in the premises of various sites. Such demonstrations ascertain the functionality of the employed techniques, establish the reliability of the complete systems, and provide useful evidence regarding the acceptance of tele-operated robotic tour-guides by the broader public.     

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria: deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase

Basic principles are offered to support the suggestion that use of special care space must be made with a mind toward prevention of obsolescence. Certain conventional design features should be examined critically and decisions made as to their applicability to the needs of a particular program.     

The electrostatic Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR - Mechanical concept and realization

A new and technologically challenging project, the electrostatic Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR, is presently under construction at the Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg. Applying liquid helium cooling, the CSR, with 35 m circumference, will provide a low temperature environment of only a few Kelvin and an extremely high vacuum of better than 10⁻¹³ mbar. To realize these conditions the mechanical design has been completed and now the first quarter section is in the construction phase. For the onion skin structure of the cryogenic system we have at the outer shell the cryostat chambers, realized by welded rectangular stainless steel frames with aluminum plates. The next two shells are fabricated as aluminum shields kept at 80 and 40 K. The inner vacuum chambers for the experimental vacuum consist of stainless steel chambers cladded with external copper sheets connected to the LHe lines for optimized thermal equilibration and cryopumping. Additional large surface 2 K units are installed for cryogenic pumping of H₂. The mechanical concepts and the realization will be presented in detail.     

Using temporal information to construct, update, and retrieve situation models of narratives.

Four experiments explored how readers use temporal information to construct and update situation models and retrieve them from memory. In Experiment 1, readers spontaneously constructed temporal and spatial situation models of single sentences. In Experiment 2, temporal inconsistencies caused problems in updating situation models similar to those observed previously for other dimensions of situation models. In Experiment 3, merely implied temporal order information was inferred from narratives, affecting comprehension of later sentences like explicitly stated order information. Moreover, inconsistent temporal order information prevented the creation and storage in memory of an integrated situation model. In Experiment 4, a temporal inconsistency increased processing time even if readers were unable to report the inconsistency. These results confirm the significance of the temporal dimension of situation models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)