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81.
Catalin Gheorghiu Pierre Labossière Alexandre Ra?che 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,8(3):211-218
Many countries around the world have tremendous needs to repair and strengthen their transportation infrastructure. Almost everywhere, traffic loads have reached levels largely exceeding design expectations. Northern countries also experience severe winter conditions that are combined with an extensive use of deicing salts and accelerate structural deterioration. In Canada, the extent of deterioration has prompted many authorities, including the federal and provincial governments, to investigate the potential use of fiber-reinforced polymer products to extend the life of their existing structures. However, it is widely recognized that the large-scale implementation of these products is often impaired by the lack of data on their durability. This paper presents an experimental project undertaken in order to assess the durability of reinforced concrete beams externally strengthened with two types of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). The beams were first exposed to either wet-dry cycles or continuous immersion in water and then were loaded in fatigue. Finally, they were tested quasi-statically under four-point bending up to failure. The test results presented here provide some insights on the potential long-term performance of CFRP-strengthened beams exposed to severe environmental conditions. 相似文献
82.
Sin?KwonEmail author Sunggun?Lee Minyang?Yang 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2015,79(9-12):1483-1492
The wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process has inherent instability due to its high complexity and stochastic characteristics. For more stable and efficient machining, the process must be actively controlled in real time while precisely determining the state of the instantaneous machining process. Feedback information when used in conjunction with an unstable discharge pulse ratio and instantaneous discharge energy can be applied to this micro-control system. This study presents the design and implementation of a system that fulfills these demands. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system is capable of simultaneously enhancing the machining stability, machining efficiency, and machining performance. For fine machining, the surface quality was enhanced by approximately 10 % without a loss of machining efficiency. Overall, both the feedrate and the surface roughness could be improved concurrently by more than 5 %. 相似文献
83.
Seong-Won?NamEmail author Hyeong-Jin?Kim 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2002,16(6):776-784
We have performed experimental studies for the improvements of pneumatic brake systems of freight trains. Currently, most
of the freight trains operated by the Korean National Railroad have either empty-load or diaphragm type brake systems. In
this study, appropriate methods that the air pressure characteristics in both type of brake systems are in accordance with
each other have been investigated. We have also performed running tests using a 30 car-train set to design optimum capacity
of a quick release valve. The test results show that the quick release valve is considerably effective in shortening the release
time of the diaphragm type brake system. In the case of a normal brake application, the diaphragm type brake system with the
quick release valve reduces the release time to 34% of that of the system without the quick release valve. This release time
is almost equivalent to that of the empty-load type brake system. Accordance of braking performance in different types of
brake systems in a train set is expected to prevent wheel flats and to reduce maintenance costs. 相似文献
84.
CJ Laruelle GB Brueren SM Ernst ET Bal GE Mast MJ Suttorp A Brutel de la Rivière TH Plokker 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,79(2):148-152
The effect of bone plug length and Kurosaka screw (DePuy, Warsaw, IN) diameter on graft holding strength of the bone-tendon-bone construct was determined. Random length porcine bone plugs were assigned to fixation with 7 or 9 mm Kurosaka screws. Peak load to failure was determined. There was a significant decrease in peak load to failure of the 5-mm long bone plugs compared with longer bone plugs. No difference was found between longer lengths of bone plug in either the 7- or 9-mm screw diameter groups. The 9-mm diameter screws significantly increased peak load to failure for both 1- and 2-cm bone plug lengths. 相似文献
85.
R Zimmermann M Büscher C Linhardt D Handtrack J Zingsem V Weisbach R Eckstein 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,37(10):1075-1083
In view of the promising future for use of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to ensure that their consumption does not result in detrimental oxidative effects. The aim of the present work was to test a hypothesis that low doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) do not induce harmful modifications of oxidative cell metabolism, as modifications of membrane fatty acid composition occur. Wistar rats received by gavage oleic acid, EPA, or DHA (360 mg/kg body weight/day) for a period of 1 or 4 wk. Fatty acid composition and alpha-tocopherol content were determined for plasma, red blood cell (RBC) membranes, and liver, kidney, lung, and heart microsomal membranes. Susceptibility to oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide was measured in RBC. EPA treatment increased EPA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) content in plasma and in all the membranes studied. DHA treatment mainly increased DHA content. Both treatments decreased arachidonic acid content and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the membranes, without modifying the Unsaturation Index. No changes in tissue alpha-tocopherol content and in RBC susceptibility to oxidative stress were induced by either EPA or DHA treatment. The data suggest that EPA and DHA treatments can substantially modify membrane fatty acids, without increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress, when administered at low doses. This opens the possibility for use of low doses of n-3 PUFA for chemoprevention without risk of detrimental secondary effects. 相似文献
86.
Some explicit algorithms for higher order symplectic integration of a large class of Hamilton’s equations have recently been discussed by Mushtaq et al. Here we present a Python program for automatic numerical implementation of these algorithms for a given Hamiltonian, both for double precision and multiprecision computations. We provide examples of how to use this program, and illustrate behavior of both the code generator and the generated solver module(s). 相似文献
87.
Jérémie Bossu Nicolas Hautière Jean-Philippe Tarel 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2011,93(3):348-367
The detection of bad weather conditions is crucial for meteorological centers, specially with demand for air, sea and ground
traffic management. In this article, a system based on computer vision is presented which detects the presence of rain or
snow. To separate the foreground from the background in image sequences, a classical Gaussian Mixture Model is used. The foreground
model serves to detect rain and snow, since these are dynamic weather phenomena. Selection rules based on photometry and size
are proposed in order to select the potential rain streaks. Then a Histogram of Orientations of rain or snow Streaks (HOS),
estimated with the method of geometric moments, is computed, which is assumed to follow a model of Gaussian-uniform mixture.
The Gaussian distribution represents the orientation of the rain or the snow whereas the uniform distribution represents the
orientation of the noise. An algorithm of expectation maximization is used to separate these two distributions. Following
a goodness-of-fit test, the Gaussian distribution is temporally smoothed and its amplitude allows deciding the presence of
rain or snow. When the presence of rain or of snow is detected, the HOS makes it possible to detect the pixels of rain or
of snow in the foreground images, and to estimate the intensity of the precipitation of rain or of snow. The applications
of the method are numerous and include the detection of critical weather conditions, the observation of weather, the reliability
improvement of video-surveillance systems and rain rendering. 相似文献
88.
Axel Haarmann Lena Zimmermann Michael Bieber Christine Silwedel Guido Stoll Michael K. Schuhmann 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(13)
In large vessel occlusion stroke, recanalization to restore cerebral perfusion is essential but not necessarily sufficient for a favorable outcome. Paradoxically, in some patients, reperfusion carries the risk of increased tissue damage and cerebral hemorrhage. Experimental and clinical data suggest that endothelial cells, representing the interface for detrimental platelet and leukocyte responses, likely play a crucial role in the phenomenon referred to as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injury, but the mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to determine the role of endoglin in cerebral I/R-injury; endoglin is a membrane-bound protein abundantly expressed by endothelial cells that has previously been shown to be involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. We investigated the expression of membranous endoglin (using Western blotting and RT-PCR) and the generation of soluble endoglin (using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of cell culture supernatants) after hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation in human non-immortalized brain endothelial cells. To validate these in vitro data, we additionally examined endoglin expression in an intraluminal monofilament model of permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Subsequently, the effects of recombinant human soluble endoglin were assessed by label-free impedance-based measurement of endothelial monolayer integrity (using the xCELLigence DP system) and immunocytochemistry. Endoglin expression is highly inducible by hypoxia in human brain endothelial monolayers in vitro, and subsequent reoxygenation induced its shedding. These findings were corroborated in mice during MCAO; an upregulation of endoglin was displayed in the infarcted hemispheres under occlusion, whereas endoglin expression was significantly diminished after transient MCAO, which is indicative of shedding. Of note is the finding that soluble endoglin induced an inflammatory phenotype in endothelial monolayers. The treatment of HBMEC with endoglin resulted in a decrease in transendothelial resistance and the downregulation of VE-cadherin. Our data establish a novel mechanism in which hypoxia triggers the initial endothelial upregulation of endoglin and subsequent reoxygenation triggers its release as a vasoactive mediator that, when rinsed into adjacent vascular beds after recanalization, can contribute to cerebral reperfusion injury. 相似文献
89.
v. Pohl R. Trendelenburg Zimmermann E. Brüche S. Nickel Zycha Liese Schulz Graf A. Troche T. Perkitny M. Lüdtke Frey-Wyssling K. Storch Otto Kratky A. v. Wacek Finkbeiner K. Storch Munds Paula Sarten Ernst Tschanter A. Kraus R. Lechner Schaile Thiele W. Küch Kräß Hengerer Kollmann A. Nowak 《Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff》1940,3(4):128-136
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
90.
R. Trendelenburg Frey-Wyssling O. Kratky Gertraude Körner-Hennig Egner v. Pohl M. Lüdtke K. Storch Klar Zimmermann B. Thunell L. Metz Thiele Kollmann W. Wenhart A. Troche 《Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff》1940,3(6):202-207
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献