Guidelines for tunnelling risk management: International Tunnelling Association, Working Group No. 2

These guidelines, prepared by Working Group 2 (Research) of the International Tunnelling Association, are prepared in order to give guidance to all those who have the job of preparing the overall scheme for the identification and management of risks in tunnelling and underground projects. The guidelines provide owners and consultants with what is modern-day industry practice for risk assessment, and describes the stages of risk management throughout the entire project implementation from concept to start of operation.     

粒度差异对氧压酸浸闪锌矿浸出效率的影响

本试验以丹霞冶炼厂氧压浸出车间现场流程为基础。经过技术改进后的二段砂磨机将矿浆中-40μm含量由65%提高到83%,取磨矿前后矿浆为浸出物料,在实验室进行小型氧压酸浸闪锌矿试验。结果证实了浸出物料变细,浸出效率会提高。浸出物料变细后,浸出渣的渣率降低,浸出渣中Zn品位下降,锌资源回收率提高,减少了资源浪费。以试验结果提高2%的浸出效率来算,冶炼厂原年生产10万t锌锭,每吨1.45万元来计,每年将提高厂收益2900万元左右。     

马钢冷轧变频异步电动机温升试验方法及试验数据分析

本文针对世界范围内直流轧钢电机将被交流变频轧钢电机代替的发展现状和未来发展趋势,介绍马钢冷轧变频电动机中的两台大电流电动机的温升试验方法及试验数据分析,为轧钢电机的发展和研究提供有价值的技术参考及探讨.     

毛细管理论在低阻油气层油气运移与聚集机理中的应用

根据油气在地层中的势和所受到的力理论,认为油气在运移与聚集过程中的主要驱动力为重力和围水压力变化引起的力,而毛细管压力则主要起阻力作用.毛细管压力与储层的孔喉结构、排替压力和油气可进入的孔喉多少有直接关系,所以它对油气的运移与聚集起着关键性的作用;根据毛细管理论,依据油气在低电阻率储层中运移和聚集的特点,阐述低电阻率油气层的形成机理.由于毛细管压力的作用,如果距离油源较远、油气源中的油气不丰富、储层岩性细、孔隙结构复杂、垂向上物性好的储集层发育较多或单层储集空间足够大等均会导致低电阻率储层中的微中、小孔隙中的水无法排出,致使储层不动水含量过高,从而显示油气层的低电阻率特征,即高含水饱和度是引起油气层电阻率较低的主要原因之一.     

Analysis of efficacy of the self‐assembling peptide‐based remineralization agent on artificial enamel lesions

The objective of this in vitro study was to analyze and compare the biomimetic remineralizing efficacy of the self‐assembling peptide (P11‐4) with agents containing casein phoshopeptide‐amorhous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP‐ACFP) and sodium fluoride (NaF) on artificial caries lesions using DIAGNOdent and micro‐computed tomography (μCT). Artificial enamel lesions were prepared on extracted impacted sound mandibular third molars. The samples were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 8): Group 1, P11‐4 (Curodont Repair, Credentis AG, Switzerland); Group 2, CPP‐ACFP (MI Varnish, GCCo., Japan); Group3, NaF (Duraphat Varnish, Colgate, Colgate‐Palmolive, NY, USA); Group 4, artificial saliva (control). The agents were applied to demineralized surfaces according to manufacturers' instructions; all specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 1 month. Demineralization and remineralization on enamel surfaces were analyzed and quantified by DIAGNOdent (KaVo, Germany) and μCT (SkyScan1174, Belgium) for lesion depth/area/volume/mineral density (MD). The remineralization efficacy of the agents was evaluated by DIAGNOdent on 1st, 7th, 30th days and by μCT on 30th day. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, T test, and Wilxocon tests. The highest remineralization efficacy findings in all periods were determined in Group 1, followed by Groups 2, 3, and 4. The remineralization findings for fluorescence, MD, lesion depth in Group 1 were found significantly higher (p < 0.01) than Group 3; and no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between Groups 1–2 and Groups 2–3. The area and volume change values in Groups 1, 2, and 3 have shown no significancy (p > 0.05). A significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between μCT and DIAGNOdent methods. The data of this study have demonstrated that P11‐4 has showed the best remineralization efficacy, followed by CPP‐ACFP and NaF. It is concluded that self‐assembling peptide‐based remineralization agent can be used successfully for biomimetic remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions.     

Association between teat skin colonization and intramammary infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in herds with automatic milking systems

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between teat skin colonization and intramammary infection (IMI) with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus agalactiae at the quarter level in herds with automatic milking systems. Milk and teat skin samples from 1,142 quarters were collected from 300 cows with somatic cell count >200,000 cells/mL from 8 herds positive for Strep. agalactiae. All milk and teat skin samples were cultured on calf blood agar and selective media. A subset of samples from 287 quarters was further analyzed using a PCR assay (Mastit4 PCR; DNA Diagnostic A/S, Risskov, Denmark). Bacterial culture detected Staph. aureus in 93 (8.1%) of the milk samples and 75 (6.6%) of the teat skin samples. Of these, 15 (1.3%) quarters were positive in both the teat skin and milk samples. Streptococcus agalactiae was cultured in 84 (7.4%) of the milk samples and 4 (0.35%) of the teat skin samples. Of these, 3 (0.26%) quarters were positive in both the teat skin and milk samples. The PCR detected Staph. aureus in 29 (10%) of the milk samples and 45 (16%) of the teat skin samples. Of these, 2 (0.7%) quarters were positive in both the teat skin and milk samples. Streptococcus agalactiae was detected in 40 (14%) of the milk samples and 51 (18%) of the teat skin samples. Of these, 16 (5.6%) quarters were positive in both the teat skin and milk samples. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between teat skin colonization and IMI at the quarter level. Based on bacterial culture results, teat skin colonization with Staph. aureus resulted in 7.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.9; 20.6) times higher odds of Staph. aureus IMI, whereas herd was observed as a major confounder. However, results from the PCR analyses did not support this association. Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from the teat skin with both PCR and bacterial culture, but the number of positive teat skin samples detected by culture was too low to proceed with further analysis. Based on the PCR results, Strep. agalactiae on teat skin resulted in 3.8 (1.4; 10.1) times higher odds of Strep. agalactiae IMI. Our results suggest that Staph. aureus and Strep. agalactiae on teat skin may be a risk factor for IMI with the same pathogens. Focus on proper teat skin hygiene is therefore recommended also in AMS.     

气动人工肌肉执行系统动态特性的实验研究

通过基于实验的系统辨识方法对气动人工肌肉执行系统进行了较深入研究，指出气动人工肌肉执行系统为一个高阶系统，当系统工作在较低频率范围时，可以近似为二阶系统，为进一步研究气动人工肌肉执行系统的动态特性打下了良好基础。     

Covalent Complex of DNA and Bacterial Topoisomerase: Implications in Antibacterial Drug Development

A topoisomerase-DNA transient covalent complex can be a druggable target for novel topoisomerase poison inhibitors that represent a new class of antibacterial or anticancer drugs. Herein, we have investigated molecular features of the functionally important Escherichia coli topoisomerase I (EctopoI)-DNA covalent complex (EctopoIcc) for molecular simulations, which is very useful in the development of new antibacterial drugs. To demonstrate the usefulness of our approach, we used a model small molecule (SM), NSC76027, obtained from virtual screening. We examined the direct binding of NSC76027 to EctopoI as well as inhibition of EctopoI relaxation activity of this SM via experimental techniques. We then performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the dynamics and stability of EctopoIcc and EctopoI-NSC76027-DNA ternary complex. Our simulation results show that NSC76027 forms a stable ternary complex with EctopoIcc. EctopoI investigated here also serves as a model system for investigating a complex of topoisomerase and DNA in which DNA is covalently attached to the protein.