基于STM32单片机的多功能智能拐杖设计

针对目前老人出行安全的问题,设计一款在老人出现意外状况时能及时呼救和报警的智能拐杖。设计以STM32单片机为控制核心,结合当前先进的成熟的信号处理算法、传感器技术、无线通信技术,采用MPU6050水平检测模块实时测量拐杖与地面的倾角,在出现突发情况时通过语音模块识别求救,GPS模块实现定位功能,以信息的方式发送给监护人。此外,系统还能显示温湿度、PM2.5浓度等环境信息。测试结果表明,整个系统性能稳定,灵敏度高,操作方便,并且功能易于扩展,满足老年人出行多方面需求。     

联苯-4,4'-二甲酸合成研究

研究联苯-4,4'-二甲酸的合成工艺,以对硝基甲苯为原料,经氧化、还原和重氮化-偶联反应制备联苯-4,4'-二甲酸.重点研究了重氮反应中滴加亚硝酸对反应的影响.以对硝基甲苯计,总收率为66.6%,联苯-4,4'-二甲酸的(HPLC)纯度为98.7%.     

联苯-4,4′-二甲酸合成研究

研究联苯-4,4′-二甲酸的合成工艺,以对硝基甲苯为原料,经氧化、还原和重氮化-偶联反应制备联苯-4,4′-二甲酸。重点研究了重氮反应中滴加亚硝酸对反应的影响。以对硝基甲苯计,总收率为66.6%,联苯-4,4′-二甲酸的(HPLC)纯度为98.7%。     

静电多极系统的数值计算

本文阐述了边界元方法在静电场计算中的基本原理,强调当电极形状较复杂时(例如多极系统),采用孔斯(Coons)方法的优点。同时,文中也给出了程序设计的基本思想及四极透镜和八极偏转器的计算实例。计算表明,该程序计算静电多极系统即使在微机上也有足够精度,完全可满足一般设计要求。     

弯曲轴静电聚焦—偏转复合系统的象差计算

本文对透镜后偏转和透镜中偏转的两种静电聚焦一偏转复合系统的三级几何象差和一级色差进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,在匹配弯曲轴的情况下,这种复合系统有可能获得较小的偏转象差,同时本文也给出了判断复合系统中聚焦场与偏转场真正匹配的某些判据。     

Leaching kinetics of low-grade copper ore with high-alkality gangues in ammonia-ammonium sulphate solution

The leaching kinetics of low-grade copper ore with high-alkality gangues was studied in ammonia-ammonium sulphate solution. The main parameters, such as ammonia and ammonium sulphate concentrations, particle size, solid-to-liquid ratio and reaction temperature, were chosen in the experiments. The results show that the increase of temperature, concentrations of ammonia and ammonium sulphate is propitious to the leaching rate of copper ore. The leaching rate increases with the decrease of particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio. The leaching rate is controlled by the diffusion through the ash layer and the activation energy is determined to be 25.54 kJ/mol. A semi-empirical equation was proposed to describe the leaching kinetics.     

Dissolution kinetics of malachite in ammonia/ammonium sulphate solution

The dissolution kinetics of malachite was investigated in ammonia/ammonium sulphate solution. The effects of ammonia and ammonium sulphate concentration, pH, leaching time, reaction temperature, and particle size were determined. The results show that the optimum leaching conditions for malachite ore with a copper extraction more than 96.8% are ammonia/ammonium concentration 3.0 mol/L NH₄OH + 1.5 mol/L (NH₄)₂SO₄, liquid-to-solid ratio 25:1 mL/g, leaching time 120 min, stirring speed 500 r/min, reaction temperature 25 °C and particle size finer than 0.045 mm. The dissolution process of malachite with an activation energy of 26.75 kJ/mol is controlled by the interface transfer and diffusion across the product layer. A semi-empirical rate equation is obtained to describe the leaching process and the reaction orders with respect to concentration of ammonia and ammonium sulphate are 2.983 0 and 0.941 1, respectively.     

粒子群算法中随机数参数的设置与实验分析

粒子群算法的相关参数,对粒子群算法的优化性能有着重要影响,本文针对粒子群算法模型中随机数参数的设置问题展开实验分析.首先,由于各种高级程序语言的结构不同,在粒子群算法的实现程序中,对速度更新公式内同一个粒子速度向量,其各个分量的随机数参数的设置各不相同.其次,根据连续函数优化问题和作业车间调度问题中的典型测试算例,以及对于设备拥有量参数优化问题的计算,表明在粒子群算法中设置不同的随机数参数将对粒子群算法的优化性能产生较大影响,并且,对一个粒子速度向量中的不同分量所对应的随机数参数,如果设置相同的值,可以有效地提高粒子群算法的优化效率.