能源产业成熟度评价方法理论研究

随着能源新技术的发展,能源领域新兴产业不断涌现,需建立能源产业成熟度评价方法为产业的健康发展提供科学决策支撑。本文将产业成熟度评价方法应用在能源领域,从多技术和多产品角度构建了能源产业成熟度评价体系,给出了成熟度等级及其评价标准,并基于模糊数学方法和层次分析法建立了能源产业成熟度评价模型。     

黄桃表面缺陷和可溶性固形物光谱同时在线检测

表面缺陷和可溶性固形物是评价黄桃品质的重要指标,采用可见/近红外漫透射光谱技术,探讨黄桃表面缺陷与可溶性固形物同时在线检测的可行性。在运动速度为5个/s、积分时间100 ms、光照强度1 000 W的条件下采集黄桃表面缺陷果与正常果的近红外漫透射光谱。对比分析了同一个黄桃样品损伤前后的光谱特征,建立了黄桃的最小二乘支持向相机判别模型与偏最小二乘判别模型。同时建立了黄桃可溶性固形物偏最小二乘回归模型并采用连续投影算法对模型进行优化,研究了表面缺陷果对黄桃可溶性固形物检测模型精度的影响,最终实现了黄桃表面缺陷与可溶性固形物同时在线检测。采用未参与建模的样品来评价模型的在线分选的准确性,其中表面缺陷果的正确判断率为100%,可溶性固形物分选准确率达到93%。试验结果表明:黄桃表面缺陷与可溶性固形物同时在线检测是可行的,研究可为黄桃在线分选提供技术参考和理论依据。     

串联单相PFC整流单元对在永磁直驱风力发电系统中的应用

针对传统永磁直驱风力发电系统中存在的发电机电流波形差、输出电压低和变换器成本高等问题,提出一种将发电机和变换器进行一体化设计的新方案.该方案引入以永磁间步发电机电枢电感为升压电感的单相功率因数校正(PFC)电路,实现了发电机电流波形与功率因数控制.两个单相PFC电路的直流侧串联组成串联单相PFC整流单元对,交流输入侧与两个电气上互相正交的发电机定子绕组相连,可有效消除直流母线电压的纹波.介绍了新方案的拓扑结构和工作原理,搭建r基于dSPACE的快速控制原型试验平台,通过仿真和试验,验证了新方案的正确性.     

梯度多孔Mg-Ca合金的力学性能研究

主要研究了具有不同孔隙梯度分布的多孔Mg-Ca合金在横向和纵向压缩时孔洞的受力以及变形特征,分析了梯度多孔Mg-Ca合金在弯曲时裂纹扩展机理,并观察了孔隙梯度结构和烧结温度对梯度多孔Mg-Ca合金力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,梯度多孔Mg-Ca合金的力学性能优于均匀多孔材料,随着试样边缘和中心孔隙度差距的增加,试样的抗弯强度、抗压强度和弹性模量均增加,纵向压缩时样品抗压强度和弹性模量的增加优于横向压缩,这主要归因于孔隙的梯度分布导致受力时外加载荷的重新分配。随着烧结温度增加,梯度多孔Mg-Ca合金的力学性能增加,在620℃烧结2h时力学性能达到最佳。     

壳聚糖／水溶性高分子共混膜相容性的预测与表征

高分子（聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇）间的相容性,壳聚糖与极性水溶性高分子在溶液状态时,分子间相互吸引,相容性好,向本体转化而成膜时,CS／PVA体系比CS／PEG体系有更好的本体相容性。原因可归结为PEG不能像PVA一样提供足够多的极性基团与壳聚糖分子形成强烈相互作用,CS与PEG间的氢键强度要弱于CS与PVA间的氢键;另一个方面,PEG结晶能力很强,在由溶液转化为本体而成膜过程中,PEG分子自身之间易于形成较规整的结晶而逐渐使体系发生分相。     

全桥双向DC/DC变换器移相控制策略的改进

在全桥双向DC/DC变换器(BDC)的传统移相控制策略中,存在循环能量的问题.针对此问题,提出了一种新型移相控制策略,该控制策略完全消除了循环能量.给出了新型控制策略的具体开关过程,并将此控制策略与传统控制策略及其他改进控制策略在电流纹波、效率等方面进行了细致的比较.最后对该新型移相控制策略进行了实验验证.     

均匀共沉淀法合成纳米Gd2O3：Eu粉体及其发光特性

以六次甲基四胺（hexamethylenetetramine,（CH2）6N4,HMT）为沉淀剂,在GdCl3和EuCl3混合溶液中,利用均匀共沉淀法制得了纳米颗粒.结果表明,获得的Gd2O3：Eu纳米颗粒近似为球形,尺寸均匀,平均粒径为100 nm,且每个球形颗粒由平均粒径为20 nm的微晶聚并而成.Gd2O3：Eu荧光粉在波长612 nm的红光发射来自Eu^3＋的5D0-7F2电偶极跃迁,发光强度随煅烧温度提高而增强,随Eu^3＋掺杂摩尔分数的提高而增强.Eu^3＋掺杂摩尔分数超过7%时,发生浓度淬灭,发光强度减弱.     

氰化尾渣高温氯化焙烧制备陶粒

以氰化尾渣为主要原料,配以膨润土、钠长石、CaCl2、煤粉等辅料,利用高温氯化焙烧方法制备了陶粒。采用XRD、SEM、XRF、TG/DTA、ICP-OES等研究了氰化尾渣的物相成分、微观结构等理化性能,测定了陶粒成品的吸水率、堆积密度、重金属挥发率等,并对烧成效果最好的陶粒成品进行了微观结构分析。结果表明,氰化尾渣利用率最高能达到75%,得到的焙烧陶粒1h吸水率为9.45%、堆积密度为642.93kg/m3,Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等金属挥发率分别达到83.02%、65.31%、75.89%、90.65%、85.34%。     

新筛选菌种Delftia sp.XYJ5生物降解苯胺的途径

A promising gram-negative bacterial strain for the biodegradation of aniline as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources was successfully isolated and identified as Delftia sp. XYJ6. The optimal temperature and pH for both the growth of Delftia sp. XYJ6 and the biodegradation of aniline were 30°C and 7.0, respectively. Initial aniline of 2000 mg•L－1 could be completely removed by the strain at 22 h, which showed that Delftia sp. XYJ6 had a strong ability in the biodegradation of aniline. It indicated that aniline was firstly converted to catechol catalyzed by aniline dioxygenase as a first product, which was then further biodegraded to cis,cis-muconic acid catalyzed by the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase of Delftia sp. XYJ6 as a second product. Cis,cis-muconic acid could also be further biodegraded to other small compound again. The pathway for the biodegradation of aniline by Delftia sp. XYJ6 was not previously reported.     

游离静止细胞中腈水合酶的失活动力学

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an important industrial enzyme used for acrylamide production from acrylonitrile. The deactivation kinetics of NHases in free resting cells of Rhodococcus sp. was presented based on a bi-steady state assumption. Effects of hydration temperature, product concentration and substrate concentration on NHase deactivation were investigated experimentally and correlated with a first order deactivation kinetics. The results showed that the hydration temperature and product concentration were major factors governing the deactivation of NHases under substrate-feeding conditions. When acrylamide concentration was higher than 250 g•L－1, the deactivation of NHases became serious and the bi-steady state assumption was not applicable. When the hydration temperature was controlled at a relatively higher level such as 28°C, the total deactivation rate constant was about 2.8-fold of that at 20°C.