QCr0.8/TC4薄板电子束焊接头组织及断裂路径

对QCr0.8/TC4异种材料薄板进行了电子束对接焊接试验.采用光学金相、扫描电镜、能谱分析及X射线衍射相分析等方法,对接头组织结构及相组成进行了分析.并对接头进行了性能测试及断口形貌观察,分析了断裂性质,探讨了断裂路径.结果表明,焊缝由大量的γ-CuTi相、金属间化合物CuTi2,CuTi3及少量的铜基固溶体组成,且靠近铜合金侧存在一层20 μm左右的反应层,推测其可能为Ti2Cu,CuTi,Cu4Ti3,Cu2Ti,Cu3Ti等多种金属间化合物混合层;QCr0.8/TC4的电子束对中焊接性较差,接头断裂发生在焊缝中心的粗晶区,呈明显的解理断裂特征,接头抗拉强度很低,仅为82.1 MPa.     

Ti3Al金属间化合物电子束深熔焊接过程数值模拟

基于有限元法,采用改进的双椭球热源模型,对电子束深熔焊接Ti3Al过程进行了移动热源条件下准稳态三维温度场的数值模拟。该模型复合了熔深与电子束参数及材料性质的关系,考虑了对流和辐射散热、相变潜热、材料热物理性能参量随温度的变化以及液态金属的对流传热。通过比较熔深、熔宽的计算值和实际测量值,验证了该模型在电子束焊接温度场模拟中的适用性。     

大厚度TC21钛合金电子束焊接试验

对56mm厚TC21钛合金进行了电子束对接试验,对接头显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,接头焊缝区组织形态以柱状β晶粒为基体,针状的马氏体弥散其中;热影响区从焊缝到母材分为三个区域,依次为等轴再结晶β晶粒区、片状和针状а相形成的魏氏组织区以及片状α相聚集长大的区域;熔合区内柱状晶与等轴晶联生.接头强度达到母材水平,断裂发生在母材内,接头厚度方向性能一致.接头塑性损失较大,只达到母材的50%左右.接头焊缝区硬度最高,其次是热影响区的等轴晶区和魏氏组织区,而热影响区内片状α相聚集长大的区域硬度值最低.

Abstract：

Electron beam welding of TC21 56 mm titanium alloy was carried out. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of welded joints were analyzed and tested. The results showed that the weld zone consisted of the columnar β gains, and in which the transgranular acicular α' martensite were dispersedly distributed. HAZ can be divided into three parts from base metal to weld zone, which are the equiaxed recrystallized β grain zone, Widmanstaten structure zone formed by lamellar and aeicular α phases and lamellar a phase coarsening zone. Fusion zone consists of the adnate columnar and equiaxed grains. Tensile strength of joints reaches to that of base metal and the failure appears in the base metal. The mechanical properties are uniform along the vertical direction. Plasticity in the welded joint is greatly decreased and only up to 50% of that of the base metal. The microhardness in weld zone is the highest, and that of the equiaxed grain zone and Widmanstaten structure zone in HAZ is higher, and the microhardness in columnar a phase coarsening zone is the lowest.     

高温钛合金Ti55/Ti60真空电子束焊接

对 Ti55 与 Ti60 合金薄板进行了电子束焊接,研究了电子束焊接工艺参数对接头组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝区形成大量针片状的α' 马氏体,焊缝中心为粗大的柱状晶.焊接工艺参数对焊缝组织和接头抗拉强度有一定影响,接头室温抗拉强度高于母材,600℃时接头抗拉强度与 Ti60 母材相当,抗弯强度达到母材的 80% 左右,冲击韧度能够达到母材的 90% 以上,断裂发生在热影响区处,为韧性断裂.

Abstract：

Ti55 and Ti60 titanium alloy sheets were welded by electron beam, and the influences of parameters on microstmcture and mechanical properties of welding joints were studied. The results show that weld zone is characterized by acicular α' martensite plate,and weld center is formed by coarse columnar crystals. Welding parameters can affect microstructure and tensile strength to a certain extent. At room temperature, the tensile strength of joint is higher than that of base metal. At a higher temperature of 600 ℃, tensile strength of joint is about equal to that of Ti60, and bending strength can be up to 80% of that of base metal, even impact toughness also can be larger than 90% of base metal. Failure occurs in heat-affected zone, and the fracture mode shows toughness characteristic.     

Ti60钛合金/GH3128高温合金电子束焊接头脆裂原因分析

对Ti60钛合金和GH3128高温合金进行了电子束焊接,对接头显微组织、相成分和显微硬度进行分析. 结果表明,Ti60和GH3128电子束焊接性较差,在焊后产生裂纹. 焊缝内生成TiNi,Ti2Ni,TiCr2和TiNi3等脆性化合物,使得接头脆性增大. 焊缝区的硬度高于母材,钛侧焊缝区硬度值水平略高于镍侧焊缝区. 接头残余应力数值分析表面接头存在较大的横向残余拉应力,应力峰值达到704 MPa,使得钛/镍电子束焊接头在焊后随即开裂.     

空间焊接技术研究现状及展望

随着空间探索活动的不断发展,空间飞行器呈现出大尺寸和长寿命的发展趋势,由此产生了大量的空间装配、维修和维护的任务,空间焊接作为一种优势明显的太空加工方法将有着广泛的应用前景. 文中对空间焊接的背景进行了概述,对空间环境的特殊性及其对焊接过程的影响进行了总结,重点介绍了各种空间焊接方法的当前研究进展,分析了空间焊接地面模拟研究手段及当前相关设施的建设情况,展望了空间焊接的发展方向以及空间焊接地面模拟设施、焊接设备开发和远程遥控自动化焊接方面亟需开展的研究工作.     

电子束定点焊接304不锈钢熔池流动行为数值模拟

基于电子束焊接过程的传热与受力物理过程分析,建立相应模型,对电子束定点焊接304不锈钢的温度场与流场进行数值模拟,研究电子束焊接熔池流动行为及焊缝成形规律.结果表明,电子束加热阶段,熔池上表面温度梯度达到106 K/m,熔池表面峰值温度高,在沸点温度附近波动,强烈的金属蒸汽反作用力成为熔池流动的主要作用力,促使熔池中心下凹并不断波动,熔池冷却凝固阶段,金属蒸汽反作用力下降,熔池金属表面张力梯度引起的Marangoni对流成为熔池金属流动主要驱动力,促使焊缝表面熔宽增大,熔池凝固后焊缝上表面宽度为1.9 mm,中心处宽度为1.6 mm,下表面宽度为1.8 mm.