胜利油田胜坨原油乳化特性研究

研究了胜利油田胜坨原油以及从中分离出的沥青、胶质和烷烃的乳化特性及其协同效应。结果表明,胜坨原油经稀释后能与酸性水、中性水及碱性水乳化形成超高含水量(>90%)w/o型乳状液。分散在烷烃中的沥青以及水相中存在的高价电解质对乳状液具有重要的稳定作用。在酸性尤其是碱性水中,胶质及沥青中所含的极性组分能与水相中的碱或酸反应生成少量低表面活性的水溶性表面活性剂,但不足以使w/o型乳状液破乳或转为o/w型。胶质与碱水之间的动态最低界面张力可达10~(-2)mN/m,与碱水乳化时,胶质和沥青之间存在最强的协同效应。     

Study of pores produced in underwater wet welding

0 IntroductionPore is one of the main defects produced in wet weld-ing, especially in deep water. The integrity, ductility,and strength of a wet weld will be reduced by the presenceof pores. It is very necessary to study the pore formation toimprove the quality of underwater wet welds and to ensurethe security and dependability of the welded structures.Underwater wet welding offers advantages such ashigh speed, good versatility, and cost effectiveness. It ischaracterized by lower visibility, …     

蒸压釜铸钢釜环及盖缘裂纹的焊接修复工艺及性能研究

蒸压釜经过长期使用后,釜环齿圈及盖缘齿圈的啮合齿齿根部位易出现裂纹。对铸钢裂纹的焊接修复工艺及接头性能进行了研究,结果表明:对ZG230-450H铸钢试样采用低氢的药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊,应用多层焊工艺,配以焊前预热、控制层间温度及焊后保温缓冷等措施,以较小的焊接电流和较快的焊接速度(即较小的焊接线能量)进行焊接,能获得与母材等强度且没有裂纹的焊接接头。     

物化环境对化妆品液晶性的影响

以硬脂酸蔗糖酯和失水山梨醇硬脂酸酯的复配物 (SSE) /C16～ 18醇 /甘油为复合乳化剂制备液晶型化妆品乳液。考察了柠檬酸、pH值、离子强度和剪切速率对该乳液体系的稳定性和液晶性的影响。实验条件下 ,各体系对柠檬酸的敏感性比较强 ,但与pH值的关系不明显。加入柠檬酸对液晶数量和形状均有影响 ,柠檬酸的加入量大于 0 0 1%时乳液变稀 ,液晶减少。NaCl的离子强度效应主要是对乳液粒径及稳定性的影响 ,对液晶性影响不大。NaCl加入量≤ 0 3 %对乳状液及液晶的形成并无不良影响 ;NaCl加入量 >0 3 %乳液粒径明显变粗。乳状液粒子的粒径随剪切速率的减小而增大 ,粒径 <5 μm时液晶性较好。     

Research on porosity of underwater wet FCAW duplex stainless steel

To study the influence laws of welding parameters on weld porosity, underwater wet flux-cored arc welding ( FCAW) duplex stainless steel S32101 was carried out in a hyperbaric chamber, and the second-order multiple regression equation was established. The interactive effects of welding parameters on the porosity were analyzed by the three dimensional response surfaces and the contour plots. The results present that the interaction effect between water depth and voltage on the porosity is the most significant. Theoretically, a non-pores weld bead can be gained by reasonably matching these parameters with water depth less than 10 m. Always, the weld porosity reaches its peak value with a 7 mm/ s welding speed.     

16Mn钢水下湿法焊接接头间隙与裂纹率的关系

研究了水下湿法焊对接接头间隙与裂纹率的关系。随着接头间隙的增大,裂纹率逐渐减少,当间隙增大到一定值,可防止冷裂纹的产生。因此,在实际生产中选择适当的接头间隙有利于防止冷裂纹产生。