TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆复合涂层的组织和耐磨性

采用5 kW横流CO₂激光器,在TC4钛合金表面熔覆TiC、TiB₂与Ni的混合粉末,制备了无气孔、无裂纹、组织均匀致密的复合涂层。用SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计以及立式万能摩擦磨损试验机分析了激光熔覆层的显微组织、成分和物相,测试了激光熔覆层横截面显微硬度,以及覆层耐磨性能。结果表明,激光熔覆复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合;熔覆层组织从表层到结合区呈现出由棒状、块状向树枝状、颗粒状转变的趋势,且主要由Ti、TiC、TiB、Ti₂Ni、TiNi等相组成;熔覆层显微硬度最高可达863 HV0.2,为基体的2.5倍;熔覆层耐磨性能较TC4钛合金明显提高。     

电磁屏蔽复合材料的研究现状

电磁屏蔽复合材料是新型电磁辐射防护材料.通过对电磁屏蔽复合材料国内外的研究状况较为全面的综述,指出制备电磁屏蔽复合材料的常用复合方法为填充法,此法工艺相对简单,成型性好;同时对目前屏蔽复合材料研制中存在的问题进行了分析.     

La-Mg-Ni基(PuNi3型)贮氢合金的微观结构与电化学性能

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La Mg Ni 系(PuNi3 型)贮氢合金La2Mg(Ni0.85 Co0.15)9Bx(x=0、0.1、0.2),分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构与电化学性能,研究了硼及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态合金具有多相结构,主相包括(La, Mg)Ni3 相和LiNi5 相,残余相为一定量的LaNi2 相和微量的Ni2B相,经快淬处理后Ni2B相消失,并且其它相的相对量随淬速的变化而变化。硼的加入提高了铸态及快淬态合金的循环稳定性,但使合金的容量下降。不含硼合金的容量随淬速的增加而单调减小,含硼合金的容量随淬速变化有一个极大值。合金的循环寿命随淬速的增加而增加,铸态及快淬态合金均有优良的活化性能。     

横向磁场热处理对高饱和磁感应强度Fe基非晶磁性能的影响

用真空感应炉在氩气保护下熔炼成母合金,再采用单辊快淬法制备成分为Fe63Co21Si2B14的非晶合金薄带,卷绕成铁芯后在不同温度下进行横向磁场热处理.研究了磁场热处理对合金磁性能的影响.结果表明,该Fe基非晶合金对磁场热处理非常敏感,通过简单的横向磁场热处理,合金可以获得良好的恒导磁性能,其Bs值可达1.73T.合金在360℃处理时,恒导磁范围达到240 A/m,恒磁导率约为2600,并且具有良好的综合磁特性.在晶化温度以下,提高热处理温度有利于提高材料的恒导磁性能.     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆原位制备TiB陶瓷涂层的微观组织特征与硬度特性

为提高钛合金表面力学性能,利用钛合金基体与TiB2粉末之间的原位反应,在TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆原位制备了TiB陶瓷涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了熔覆层的形貌、显微组织与陶瓷相分布,并用硬度计测试了显微硬度。结果表明,在实验优化的工艺参数下,可制备出无气孔、无裂纹与表面质量较好的熔覆层。熔覆层的显微组织由表及里从块状颗粒转变为细针状组织;TiB2陶瓷相由表及里逐渐减少,而TiB陶瓷相由表及里逐渐增多;熔层表面显微硬度高,并由表及里呈现出梯度变化。     

Influences of stoichiometric ratio B/A on structures and electrochemical behaviors of Lao.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Mx （M=Ni,Co; x=0-0.6） hydrogen storage alloys

In order to investigate the influences of the stoichiometric ratio ofB/A （A： gross A-site elements, B： gross B-site elements） and the substitution of Co for Ni on the structures and electrochemical performances of the AB3.5-4.1-type electrode alloys, the La-Mg-Ni-Co system La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Mx （M=Ni, Co; x= 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6） alloys were prepared by induction melting in a helium atmosphere. The structures and electrochemical performances of the alloys were systemically measured. The results show that the structures and electrochemical performances of the alloys are closely relevant to the B/A ratio. All the alloys exhibit a multiphase structure, including two major phases, （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNis, and a residual phase LaNi2, and with rising ratio B/A, the （La,Mg）2Ni7 phase decreases and the LaNi5 phase increases significantly. When ratio B/A-3.7, the alloys obtain the maximum discharge capacities. The high rate discharge（HRD） capability of the alloy （M=Ni） monotonously rises with growing B/A ratio, but that of the alloy （M=Co） first mounts up then declines. The cycle stability of the alloy （M-Co） monotonously increases with rising B/A ratio, but it first decreases slightly then increases for the alloy （M=Ni）. The discharge potential of the alloy （M=Ni） declines with increasing B/A ratio （x〉0.2）, but for the alloy （M-Co）, the result is contrary. The substitution of Co for Ni significantly ameliorates the electrochemical performances. For a fixed ratio B/A=3.7, the Co substitution enhances the discharge capacity from 365.7 to 401.8 mA.h/g, the capacity retention ratio （S100） after 100 charging-discharging cycles from 50.32% to 53.26% and the HRD from 88.65% to 90.69%.     

Structures and electrochemical performances of La_(0.75-x)Zr_xMg_(0.25)Ni_(3.2)Co_(0.2)Al_(0.1) (x=0-0.2) electrode alloys prepared by melt spinning

The La-Mg-Ni system A2B7-type electrode alloys with nominal composition La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x=0,0.05, 0.1,0.15,0.2)were prepared by casting and melt-spinning.The influences of melt spinning on the electrochemical performances as well as the structures of the alloys were investigated.The results obtained by XRD,SEM and TEM show that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure,consisting of two main phases(La,Mg)Ni3 and LaNi5 as well as a residual phase LaNi2.The melt spinning leads to an obvious increase of the LaNi5 phase and a decrease of the(La,Mg)Ni3 phase in the alloys.The results of the electrochemical measurement indicate that the discharge capacity of the alloys(x≤0.1)first increases and then decreases with the increase of spinning rate,whereas for x0.1,the discharge capacity of the alloys monotonously falls.The melt spinning slightly impairs the activation capability of the alloys,but it significantly enhances the cycle stability of the alloys.     

Co替代Ni对快淬纳米晶/非晶Mg_2Ni型合金吸放氢动力学的影响

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的吸放氢动力学性能,用Co部分替代合金中的Ni。用快淬工艺制备了纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x=0,1,2,3,4)贮氢合金,分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,测试了合金的吸放氢动力学性能。研究了Co替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金吸放氢动力学性能的影响。结果表明,在快淬合金(x=0)中没有发现非晶相,但快淬合金(x=4)显示了纳米晶/非晶结构,表明Co替代Ni提高了Mg2Ni型合金的非晶形成能力。Co替代Ni不改变合金的Mg2Ni主相,但形成了第二相MgCo2。随Co替代量的增加,合金的吸氢量先增加而后减少,但其放氢量随Co替代量的增加而单调增加。     

非晶态合金在电磁屏蔽领域中的应用现状

非晶态合金是性能优异的软磁材料,在电磁屏蔽领域获得了良好的应用效果。本文在介绍电磁屏蔽机理的基础上,对非晶态合金作为电磁屏蔽材料在国内外的研究和应用情况进行了综述,并对今后的应用前景进行了展望。