低温铝电解研究进展

综述了铝电解低温电解质体系和电解实验研究进展,指出实现低温铝电解所要解决的关键问题是氧化铝在低温电解质中的溶解速度和溶解度,同时指出,将铝电解惰性电极的应用与低温电解的研究相结合,开发新的电解工艺是其研究方向和发展前景。     

Effect of TiB_2 content on resistance to sodium penetration of TiB_2/C cathode composites for aluminium electrolysis

1　INTRODUCTIONInrecent years ,therehavebeenincreasingeffortstoimprovetheHall Heroult processintheprimaryaluminiumindustry[1 ] .InordertoovercometheshortagesofHall Heroultprocess ,suchashighconsumptionofelectricalpower ,highconsumptionofcarbonanodeandserious pollutionduetocarbonanodemanufactureandconsumptionetc ,anoveltypeofaluminareducedcellsbasedoninertanodeandwettablecathodesystemwasdevelopedtoreplaceconventionalHall Heroultprocess[2 ,3 ] .Titaniumdiboride(TiB2 )appearstobethebestca…     

Preparation of activated carbons from mesophase pitch and their electrochemical properties

The influences of molar ratio of KOH to C and activated temperature on the pore structure and electrochemical property of porous activated carbon from mesophase pitch activated by KOH were investigated. The surface areas and the pore structures of activated carbons were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption, and the electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were studied using two-electrode capacitors in organic electrolyte. The results indicate that the maximum surface area of 3 190 m2/g is obtained at molar ratio of KOH to C of 5:1, the maximum specific capacitance of 122 F/g is attained at molar ratio of KOH to C of 4:1, and 800 ℃ is the proper temperature to obtain the maximum surface area and capacitance.     

Electrical resistivity of NiFe_2O_4 ceramic and NiFe_2O_4 based cermets

NiFe2O4 ceramic and NiFe2O4 based cermets, expected to be used as the inert anodes in aluminum electrolysis, were prepared and their electrical resistivities were measured at different temperatures. The effects of temperature and composition on their electrical resistivities were investigated. The results indicate that the electrical resistivities of NiFe2O4 based cermets mainly depend on temperature, resistivity of ceramic matrix, composition and dispersion of the metal phase among ceramic matrix. The electrical resistivity of NiFe2O4 ceramic decreases from 10. 094 Ω · cm to 0. 475 Ω · em with increasing temperature from 573 K to 1 233 K. The electrical resistivities of NiFe2O4 based cermets are greatly lowered, but decrease with increasing the temperature with similar trend compared to that of NiFe2O4 ceramic. The resistivities of NiFe2O4 based cermets containing 5 % Ni, 5 % Cu and 5 % CuNi alloy are 0. 046 8, 0.066 8 and 0. 0532 Ω · cm at 1 233 K, respectively, which are all acceptable as inert anode materials compared to that of the current carbon anode used for aluminum electrolysis.     

聚铝沟排布对导流型铝电解槽热应力分布的影响

为了优化导流型铝电解槽聚铝沟设计方案,对槽内热应力分布特征进行研究分析。采用商用有限元计算软件ANSYS针对两种聚铝沟设计方案（即方案Ⅰ为工字型聚铝沟结构;方案Ⅱ为单聚铝沟结构）的导流槽模型进行了电-热-应力耦合计算,同时针对热应力引起的槽体形变进行模拟。结果表明：采用方案Ⅰ工字型聚铝沟结构时,槽体内部热应力较大,尤其是两端靠近横向聚铝沟的阴极炭块内部具有较大的应力集中,而采用方案Ⅱ单聚铝沟结构时,该处的应力集中得到了较好的缓和,槽体形变较小。     

铝电解用改性预焙碳阳极实验室研究

为了制备能应用于工业生产节能降耗和增效的改性预焙碳阳极，首先在实验室进行了阳极添加剂组分的选择优化及复合添加剂的合成，筛选出了含有A1，Mg，F，O等多种元素的复合添加剂，制备出含有该类复合添加剂的AB类改性预焙碳阳极，并对其进行了物理化学性能和电化学性能的测试。实验室研究表明，与对比(空白)阳极相比，含有AB类添加剂的改性预焙碳阳极具有理想的节(电)能和节(碳)耗效果。重点阐述了AB类改性预焙碳阳极的各项性能。     

铝电解NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷惰性阳极性能研究进展

NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷是最具应用前景的铝电解惰性阳极材料,国内外对其性能与制备技术进行了大量研究。评述了NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷惰性阳极烧结性能、高温导电性能、耐腐蚀性能、高温抗氧化及抗热震性能的最新研究进展及存在的主要问题,探讨了惰性阳极材料的未来研究重点及发展趋势。     

La(Ⅲ)改性沸石脱除模拟硫酸锌溶液中氟离子的热力学和动力学（英文）

为了明确La(Ⅲ)改性沸石脱除模拟硫酸锌溶液中氟离子的机理,利用XRD、SEM和EDX对吸附剂进行表征,研究吸附剂用量和吸附时间对吸附过程的影响,采用吸附等温线与吸附动力学对吸附过程进行探究。结果表明,Langmuir吸附等温线模型更适合吸附过程;在303和313 K条件下,吸附剂的最大理论吸附容量分别为20.83和23.04 mg/g;Temkin和D-R吸附等温线模型证明氟离子脱除过程为物理吸附,且吸附过程遵从准二级动力学模型;同时,热力学计算结果(?G~Θ0 k J/mol,?H~Θ=8.28 k J/mol,?S~Θ=0.030 k J/(mol?K))说明La(Ⅲ)改性沸石脱除模拟硫酸锌溶液中氟离子是自发、吸热的物理过程;将La(Ⅲ)改性沸石应用在工业硫酸锌溶液中,用量为15 g/L时,氟离子浓度从98.05 mg/L降低至44.09 mg/L。     

光电化学冶金提取半导体元素——以碲为例

针对电化学冶金提取半导体元素存在的问题,提出采用光电化学冶金的方法来进行半导体元素的电化学沉积提取。结合半导体特性以及光电化学基本理论,阐述光电化学冶金的优势,并以碲提取为例验证光电化学冶金的优越性。结果表明:光电化学沉积过程中,半导体沉积物吸收能量大于其自身带隙宽度的光子后受激发产生光生电子-空穴对,光生电子从半导体流向电解液促进电化学还原,同时光生载流子可减小电阻率和能带弯曲,降低工作电极所分摊的电势差。与常规的电化学沉积相比,光电化学沉积可以强化电极过程、降低槽电压,以及提高沉积速率、电流效率和产能,具有良好的应用前景。最后指出光电化学冶金未来发展可能面临的问题,并对其内涵进行拓展。     

Na_3AlF_6-K_3AlF_6-AlF_3-LiF-CaF_2-MgF_2熔体中Al_2O_3的溶解度

采用旋转刚玉片-氮氧分析法研究中熔体中K_3AlF_6、LiF和AlF_3含量对其Al_2O_3溶解度的影响,探讨熔体物相组成、温度及过热度对Al_2O_3溶解度的影响机制。结果表明:K_3AlF_6、LiF及AlF_3通过影响熔体物相组成对Al_2O_3溶解度产生影响;K_3AlF_6的添加有助于提高熔体Al_2O_3溶解度,但LiF和AlF_3的添加会对熔体Al_2O_3溶解度产生不利影响。在相同熔体温度条件下,与过热度相比较,K_3AlF_6对Al_2O_3溶解度的影响较大,且Al_2O_3溶解度随K_3AlF_6含量的增加而增加,且增加幅度分别为0.46%和0.16%;LiF含量的增加会使熔体Al_2O_3溶解度显著减低,降幅最高可达21.64%。在相同温度下,AlF_3对熔体Al_2O_3溶解度影响较小;但在相同过热度条件下,AlF_3含量的增加将明显降低Al_2O_3的溶解度,降幅最高可达8.20%。