A study on harvesting of PKL electricity

The efficiency of any electric cell or battery is very important. To keep it in mind it has been studied the columbic efficiency, voltaic efficiency and energy efficiency of a PKL (Pathor Kuchi Leaf) Quasi Voltaic Cell or Modified Voltaic Cell. It was found that the columbic efficiency data illustrated that this efficiency was lower comparing to other efficiencies may be the absence of salt bridge or separator between the electrodes. Because, our designed and fabricated PKL cell does not have any salt bridge. So that the internal resistance is lower than the traditional voltaic cell and as a result more current was found. The voltage and current changes with time and I–V characteristics for PKL unit cell, module, panel and array have also been studied. It is shown that the voltaic and energy efficiency have been studied. However, the highest efficiency was obtained for 40% PKL sap with 5% secondary salt in 55% aqueous solution, which implies that the concentration of PKL juice can play an important role regarding efficiency. It was also found that the average energy efficiency was 97.43% and it was also found that the average voltaic efficiency was 57.29%. Finally, morphological study FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) has also been performed. It is seen that the results confirmed that Zn was deposited on the Cu surface during the electro deposition process in PKL solution. Using AAS, it has been measured the concentration of [Cu²⁺] as a reactant ion and the concentration of [Zn²⁺] as a product ion those have been tabulated and graphically discussed. The variation of pH has also been studied with time and which was also tabulated and graphically discussed.

     

Multimodal sensing and active continuous closed‐loop feedback for achieving reliable manipulation in the outdoor physical world

The use of field robots can greatly decrease the amount of time, effort, and associated risk compared to if human workers were to carryout certain tasks such as disaster response. However, transportability and reliability remain two main issues for most current robot systems. To address the issue of transportability, we have developed a lightweight modularizable platform named AeroArm. To address the issue of reliability, we utilize a multimodal sensing approach, combining the use of multiple sensors and sensor types, and the use of different detection algorithms, as well as active continuous closed‐loop feedback to accurately estimate the state of the robot with respect to the environment. We used Challenge 2 of the 2017 Mohammed Bin Zayed International Robotics Competition as an example outdoor manipulation task, demonstrating the capabilities of our robot system and approach in achieving reliable performance in the fields, and ranked fifth place internationally in the competition.