Thermal and Optical Properties of Zn<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Mn<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Te Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Studied by Photoacoustic Spectroscopic Method

Using photoacoustic spectroscopy, the composition-dependent absorption coefficient (α), thermal diffusivity (σ), and optical bandgap (E _g) of Zn_1−x Mn _x Te diluted magnetic semiconductor have been measured. For higher Mn compositions, the absorption spectrum of the Zn–Mn–Te system consists of three regions, viz., the high absorption region, the exponential region, and the weak absorption tail. The bandgap follows a nonlinear variation with composition, showing a downward bowing with a minimum around x = 0.31 as a consequence of the electro-negativity difference between the substituted atoms. The composition-dependent band-edge effective mass of the carriers does not show the bowing behavior indicating that the momentum matrix is not the same for all the Zn_1−x Mn _x Te alloys due to different lattice constants. The absorption spectra show that the transition is allowed and direct.     

Elektromagnetisches Geräusch von Reluktanzmaschinen mit segmentiertem Läufer

Übersicht Zur Ermittlung der wichtigsten Radialkraftwellen wird anhand der in Teil 1 ausgeführten Feldberechnung eine Übersicht über die Polpaarzahlen und Frequenzen der Oberfelder erstellt. Das sich hieraus ergebende Tonfrequenzspektrum wird mit experimentellen Untersuchungen an einem 22kW-Reluktanzmotor verglichen. Die ungleichmäßige Nutteilung des Dämpferkäfigs ergibt ein dichtes Frequenzspektrum, das in Verbindung mit mechanischen Eigenfrequenzen zu hohen Geräuschpegeln führt.

---

Electromagnetic noise of reluctance machines with segmental-rotor. Part 2: Radial electromagnetic force waves and noise

Contents A survey is made on the basis of the field calculation performed in part 1 of the numbers of pole-pairs and frequencies of the harmonic magnetic fields in order to find out the most important radial force waves. The resulting audio frequency spectrum is compared to experimental investigations of a 22 kW-reluctance motor. The unequal slot pitch of the squirrel-cage damper results in a dense frequency spectrum which, in connection with the mechanical natural frequencies, causes high noise levels.

---

---

Teil 1 erschien Arch. Elektrotech. 73 (1990) 253–260     

A Novel Low-Temperature Synthesis of Nanosized NiZn Ferrite

Nanosized NiZn ferrite powder is synthesized by a low-temperature method, using a unique combination of citric acid and glycine. An appropriate molar ratio of both citric acid and glycine offers a low-temperature synthetic route by incorporating the complexation behavior of citric acid and the combustion nature of glycine. Thermal decomposition/controlled autocatalytic combustion of the composite gel occurs at a low temperature of around 175°C, with the evolution of a large amount of gases. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed that the average particle size of the ferrite obtained is ∼2.5 nm, with a narrow size distribution. Uniformly distributed fine-grained microstructure with low porosity is obtained for a sample sintered at 1000°C.     

A study on the sorption of NO3− and F− on the carboxymethylated starch‐based hydrogels loaded with Fe2+ ions

Using the principle of geochemistry of fluoride, green and cost effective anion adsorbents were developed for the removal of F^? from water systems. The scheme was further applied for the removal of NO₃^? also. Carboxymethylated starch functionalized through network formation with acrylamide was used as adsorbent, and the resultant hydrogels were loaded with Fe²⁺ ions to generate anchorage for the anions. Sorption of Fe²⁺ was studied as a function of different factors such as time, temperature, pH, and ion strength. The network having the highest Fe²⁺ uptake was loaded with the Fe²⁺ ions under optimum conditions and used for the sorption of F^? and NO₃^?. High efficiency has been observed for F^?, as even up to 100% uptake has been observed within just 10 minutes. The support shows high selectivity for NO₃^?, which was used as anion reference. Thermodynamics of sorption confirms low order and low energy processes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

A 24-GHz Transmitter With On-Chip Dipole Antenna in 0.13-$mu$m CMOS

A fully integrated dual-conversion transmitter chain with an on-chip dipole antenna and an integer-N synthesizer operating in the 24-GHz Instrument, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band was fabricated in 0.13-mum CMOS. The choice of 24-GHz operation enables the integration of a 4-mm long antenna on chip. The transmitter chain can support data rate of 100 Mb/s. It provides 6-dBm output power to a 100-Omega load at 22.4 GHz with 152-mW power dissipation including that of a frequency synthesizer. At this output power level, the dual conversion architecture can mitigate the VCO pulling even when an antenna and a power amplifier are integrated on the same substrate as the VCO. The out-of-band emissions due to the modulation side lobes and image have been sufficiently suppressed. The stray emissions of local oscillator can also be reduced using circuit techniques. The signal from the transmitter has been picked up 95 meters away with a horn antenna, which suggests that wireless communications between a single chip radio and a base station 100 meters away is possible.     

Electron microscopic observations of Bi and Tl bearing cuprate high temperature superconductors

The second generation of high temperature superconductors typified by Bi₂Sr₂Ca _n−1Cu _n O_2n+4 and Tl₂Ba₂Ca _n−1Cu _n O_2n+4 exhibits curious structural properties which have direct relevance to the superconducting behaviour particularly transition temperature (T _c ). The present paper reports on investigations of structural properties at microlevel in Bi-bearing HTCS. We have found curious structural characteristics which manifests itself in the form of transformation froma _p ×a _p ×c to (2)^1/2 a _p ×(2)^1/2 a _p ×c through the loss of calcium atoms and the formation of five-fold modulated phase alongb through the loss of Ca and Sr atoms. We have also found the evidence of high periodicities (n=4) Bi₂Sr₂Ca₃Cu₄O₁₂. The microstructural characteristics of HTCS showing the higherT _c (R=0) ∼ 120 K exhibits unusual characteristics.     

Hydrodynamic study on radially cross-flow fluidized bed multi-staged ion-exchange column

A hydrodynamic study was carried out on our patented radially cross-flow fluidized bed staged column, with the salt laden water and solid resins flowing counter-currently, to determine the loading/flooding criterion for a stable operation of the column, and also to ascertain the mal-distribution in flow. Residense time distribution measurements were taken to address the latter part of the study. The data collected from the hydrodynamic measurements show a wider range of liquid and solid flowrates that can be used for the stable operation of the column, in comparison to that obtained in the conventional multi-staged column. The extent of mal-distribution or channeling is also relatively smaller in the former. The observations are consistent with the mass-transfer results obtained in our recent study, where the separation of dissolved solids using the radially cross-flow ion exchange column was found to be 40% larger than that in the conventional column.