Amtshaftung bei Bauführung im Hochwassergebiet; fehlerhafter Flächenwidmungsplan; Nachforschungspflichten der Gemeinde

Bestehen ausreichende Anhaltspunkte für die Hochwassergef?hrdung, ist die Gemeinde verpflichtet, sich durch Nachforschungen Gewissheit über das Vorliegen oder Nichtvorliegen eines Hochwasserabflussgebietes gem § 38 Abs 3 WRG zu verschaffen. Liegt ein solches vor, hat sie gem § 12 Abs 1 Z 2 krnt GplG dieses im Fl?chenwidmungsplan ersichtlich zu machen. Erteilt die Gemeinde eine Baubewilligung ohne diese von der Erteilung einer wasserrechtlichen Bewilligung abh?ngig zu machen, haftet sie für die Kosten der Bauführung, die bei gesetzes-konformer Vorgangsweise unterlassen worden w?re.     

An Approach to Modelling the Forming Process of Sheet Metal-Polymer Composites

Polymer Injection Forming (PIF) and Polymer Injection-Compression Forming (PICF) are new manufacturing technologies for sheet metal-polymer macro-composites, which result from the combination of injection moulding and sheet metal forming. In these processes, a metal blank is formed inside an injection mould by using the pressure of the molten polymer that, after cooling, permanently bonds to the metal sheet creating a fully finished product in only one production step. This paper presents a calibrated multi-physics numerical model of the processes that proves to be suitable to investigate the mutual metal-polymer interactions and to provide a reliable tool in designing the process as well as its control.     

Electric discharge treatment of zeolites for purifying the waste water of polymer-manufacturing plants

We present the results of electric discharge treatment of zeolites for purifying the waste water from the manufacture of polymers. By application of the thermostimulated relaxation method, it has been revealed that in the zeolites, superficial and volumetric charges accumulate. It is shown that the electric discharge effects considerably enhance the efficiency of the adsorptive purification of waste water.     

The effect of electromagnetic fields on hydrogen-atom transport in steel

This article describes a model of hydrogen diffusion processes, shows the influence of protective cathode stations on the hydrogen saturation of underground-pipeline metal, and suggests a new method to find hydrogen-saturated sections in underground steel gas-supply systems.     

Effect of the oxygen partial pressure on the kinetics of decomposition of the Ba<Subscript>2</Subscript>YCu<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>7−δ</Subscript> phase at temperatures <400°C

The effect of the oxygen partial pressure on the spinodal decomposition in the Ba₂YCu₃O₆—Ba₂YCu₃O₇ system has been studied. A decrease in the oxygen partial pressure was found to increase the decomposition rate. The most probable cause of the effect consists in the decrease of oxygen concentration in the near-boundary regions of grains.     

Optical properties of doped bismuth telluride crystals in the region of plasma effects

The optical properties of bismuth telluride crystals doped with donor-and acceptor-type impurities are studied. The fact that energy corresponding to the resonance frequency of plasma oscillations of free charge carriers (plasmons) approaches the band-gap energy is detected in the infrared spectral region, where the main elementary excitations in the electronic system of these materials are observed. The mentioned approach of energies varies the intensity of electron-plasmon interaction, which affects the recombination processes in the materials widely used for the fabrication of thermoelectric energy converters.     

Effects of thermal and mechanical treatments on a titanium-based conversion coating for aluminium alloys

The influence of mechanical deformation and heating on the protective performance of a chromium-free conversion treatment for aluminium alloys has been assessed by polarisation and AC impedance measurements. Protection is unlikely to be seriously compromised by typical production operations.     

Pheromone Disruption of Argentine Ant Trail Integrity

Disruption of Argentine ant trail following and reduced ability to forage (measured by bait location success) was achieved after presentation of an oversupply of trail pheromone, (Z)-9-hexadecenal. Experiments tested single pheromone point sources and dispersion of a formulation in small field plots. Ant walking behavior was recorded and digitized by using video tracking, before and after presentation of trail pheromone. Ants showed changes in three parameters within seconds of treatment: (1) Ants on trails normally showed a unimodal frequency distribution of walking track angles, but this pattern disappeared after presentation of the trail pheromone; (2) ants showed initial high trail integrity on a range of untreated substrates from painted walls to wooden or concrete floors, but this was significantly reduced following presentation of a point source of pheromone; (3) the number of ants in the pheromone-treated area increased over time, as recruitment apparently exceeded departures. To test trail disruption in small outdoor plots, the trail pheromone was formulated with carnuba wax-coated quartz laboratory sand (1 g quartz sand/0.2 g wax/1 mg pheromone). The pheromone formulation, with a half-life of 30 h, was applied by rotary spreader at four rates (0, 2.5, 7.5, and 25 mg pheromone/m²) to 1- and 4-m² plots in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. Ant counts at bait cards in treated plots were significantly reduced compared to controls on the day of treatment, and there was a significant reduction in ant foraging for 2 days. These results show that trail pheromone disruption of Argentine ants is possible, but a much more durable formulation is needed before nest-level impacts can be expected. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Folds on the temperature surfaces of heterogeneous multicomponent liquid-vapor systems

Regularities in the behavior of folds on the surface of equilibrium temperatures for multicomponent two-phase mixtures are studied. The concept of the multiplicity of a fold on the surface of temperatures is introduced.     

Molecular weight effect on the obtainment of parallel and perpendicular orientation in thermotropic poly(diethylene glycol <Emphasis Type="Italic">p,p′</Emphasis>-bibenzoate)

Summary The effect of molecular weight on the uniaxial orientation process has been analyzed in two samples of thermotropic poly(diethylene glycol p,p′-bibenzoate), evaluating the influence of that parameter on the type of orientation obtained. Several strain rates and deformation temperatures have been tested in order to map out the conditions for obtaining the two different kinds of orientation. The results show that in the lower molecular weight PDEB sample (M_w=31200) it is rather easy to get exclusively perpendicular “anomalous” orientation, with the molecular axes aligned transversely to the stretching direction. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain 100% parallel “normal” orientation. On the contrary, either type of orientation or a mixture of them can be easily developed for the higher molecular weight PDEB sample (M_w=102900).