Histochemical study of sodium nucleinate-activated peritoneal macrophages

The activity of various enzyme groups and the levels of protein and glycogen in the peritoneal macrophages of CBA mice treated intraperitoneally with sodium nucleinate were determined histochemically with the use of cytophotometry. A significant increase in the activity of the lysosomal enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterases and an increase in the activity of lactate, malate, glutamate, alpha-glycerophosphate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases. NAD.H- and NADF.H-diaphorases accompanied by an increase in the level of the total protein and glycogen were observed. Analysis of the changes was indicative of an increase in the inherent physiological metabolic and functional level under the effect of sodium nucleinate. It is suggested that the macrophage sub-populations with an increased metabolic activity appeared in the peritoneal exudate of the stimulated animals. Participation of the host low molecular DNA in the maintenance of the physiological level of th nonspecific antiinfectious resistance is suggested.     

Metal-water shielding from point neutron sources

The article is devoted to an investigation of neutron migration processes in a metal-water shield. The space-energy distribution of neutrons in iron, water, and a multilayer metal-water shield is calculated for a point Po-Be source. The 20-group and 5-group diffusion-transport approximations used are verified experimentally. The work establishes a series of important characteristics of the neutron distributions in such shields.Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 40–48, January, 1964     

Magnetism of single-crystalline Fe nanostructures

The quantitative investigation of magnetic nanostructures by means of ferromagnetic resonance is demonstrated for single-crystalline iron nanostructures. It is shown that the single-crystalline nature leads to effects not being present in polycrystalline ones and helps to quantitatively interpret the results. First a method is presented that enables one to fabricate epitaxial Fe nanowires starting from a thin film of Fe grown under ultrahigh vacuum conditions on GaAs (110). The system allows, due to the combination of cubic and twofold magnetic anisotropy, to prepare wires whose easy axis in remanence is oriented perpendicular to the wires axis. This unique feature is only achievable in epitaxial systems. Furthermore, nearly perfect Fe nanocubes with 13.6 nm edge length prepared by wet-chemical methods are studied. While the shell of the particles is composed of either Fe3O4 or gamma-Fe2O3, the core consists of metallic Fe. Oxygen and hydrogen plasma are used to remove the ligand system and the oxide shell. The single-crystalline nature of the cubes enables one to quantitatively determine the magnetic properties of the individual particle by means of ferromagnetic resonance measurements on an ensemble together with a model based on the Landau-Lifshitz equation. The measurements reveal a magneto-crystalline anisotropy of K4 = 4.8. 10(4) J/m3 being equal to bulk value and a saturation magnetization which is reduced to M(5K) = (1.2 +/- 0.12). 10(6) A/m (70% of bulk value). The effective damping parameter alpha = 0.03 is increased by one order of magnitude with respect to bulk Fe, showing that magnetic damping in nanostructures differs from the bulk.     

Experience in connecting the power generating units of thermal power plants to automatic secondary frequency regulation within the united power system of Russia

The principles of central control of the power generating units of thermal power plants by automatic secondary frequency and active power overcurrent regulation systems, and the algorithms for interactions between automatic power control systems for the power production units in thermal power plants and centralized systems for automatic frequency and power regulation, are discussed. The order of switching the power generating units of thermal power plants over to control by a centralized system for automatic frequency and power regulation and by the Central Coordinating System for automatic frequency and power regulation is presented. The results of full-scale system tests of the control of power generating units of the Kirishskaya, Stavropol, and Perm GRéS (State Regional Electric Power Plants) by the Central Coordinating System for automatic frequency and power regulation at the United Power System of Russia on September 23–25, 2008, are reported.     

Evaluating the effect of frequency regulation modes on the reliability and economic efficiency of thermal power generation units

Tests for evaluating the effect of primary and automatic secondary frequency control on the reliability and economic efficiency of thermal condensation power generator units with flow-through boilers are described briefly. The results of these tests serve as initial data for the development of a method of estimating the consequences and additional expenses involved in bringing thermal power generator units into operation in these frequency regulation modes.     

Water-Jet Cutting of Fiberglass Sheet

Russian Engineering Research - The water-jet cutting of fiberglass is studied experimentally. On that basis, the splitting of the fiberglass sheet is related to the cutting conditions. That permits...     

The effect of interparticulate and external friction on the orientation of shear planes when brittle dispersed materials undergo compaction

A method of calculating the position of shear planes in clusters of a deformable brittle dispersed material with account of interparticulate and external friction is advanced. It is assumed that friction occurs over the planes where the tangential stresses reach value specific forces of interparticulate friction. The ranges of variations of the angles of orientation of planes with different combinations of interparticulate and external friction coefficients are determined.