Hybrid Solar Cells Based in Silicon Nanowires: Electronic Simulation and Optimization

Silicon - This paper presents recent progress in computational modeling on blend morphology of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) dispersed in a conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT hybrid solar...     

Electrolytic cell engineering and device optimization for electrosynthesis of e-biofuels via co-valorisation of bio-feedstocks and captured CO2

Utilizing CO₂ in an electro-chemical process and synthesizing value-added chemicals are amongst the few viable and scalable pathways in carbon capture and utilization technologies.CO₂ electro-reduction is also counted as one of the main options entailing less fossil fuel consumption and as a future electrical energy storage strategy.The current study aims at developing a new electrochemical platform to produce low-carbon e-biofuel through multifunctional electrosynthesis and integrated co-valorisation of biomass feedstocks with captured CO₂.In this approach,CO₂ is reduced at the cathode to produce drop-in fuels(e.g.,methanol)while value-added chemicals(e.g.,selective oxidation of alcohols,aldehydes,carboxylic acids and amines/amides)are produced at the anode.In this work,a numerical model of a continuous-flow design considering various anodic and cathodic reactions was built to determine the most techno-economically feasible configurations from the aspects of energy efficiency,environment impact and economical values.The reactor design was then optimized via parametric analysis.     

Contrasting Rootstock-Mediated Growth and Yield Responses in Salinized Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) Are Associated with Changes in the Hormonal Balance

Salinity provokes an imbalance of vegetative to generative growth, thus impairing crop productivity. Unlike breeding strategies, grafting is a direct and quick alternative to improve salinity tolerance in horticultural crops, through rebalancing plant development. Providing that hormones play a key role in plant growth and development and stress responses, we hypothesized that rootstock-mediated reallocation of vegetative growth and yield under salinity was associated with changes in the hormonal balance. To test this hypothesis, the hybrid pepper variety (Capsicum annuum L. “Gacela F1”) was either non-grafted or grafted onto three commercial rootstocks (Creonte, Atlante, and Terrano) and plants were grown in a greenhouse under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions. Differential vegetative growth versus fruit yield responses were induced by rootstock and salinity. Atlante strongly increased shoot and root fresh weight with respect to the non-grafted Gacela plants associated with improved photosynthetic rate and K⁺ homeostasis under salinity. The invigorating effect of Atlante can be explained by an efficient balance between cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Creonte improved fruit yield and maintained the reproductive to vegetative ratio under salinity as a consequence of its capacity to induce biomass reallocation and to avoid Na⁺ accumulation in the shoot. The physiological responses associated with yield stability in Creonte were mediated by the inverse regulation of CKs and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Finally, Terrano limited the accumulation of gibberellins in the shoot thus reducing plant height. Despite scion compactness induced by Terrano, both vegetative and reproductive biomass were maintained under salinity through ABA-mediated control of water relations and K⁺ homeostasis. Our data demonstrate that the contrasting developmental and physiological responses induced by the rootstock genotype in salinized pepper plants were critically mediated by hormones. This will be particularly important for rootstock breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance by focusing on hormonal traits.     

Preparation,Properties and Applications of the Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Based on Nanoporous Carbon Matrix

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - Nanoporous carbon matrix was prepared by the sol–gel process from pyrogallol-formaldehyde (PF) mixtures in water using picric...     

印刷线路板电镀废水综合治理

简述线路板电镀废水中氰、铜氨、油墨废水治理方法和混合废水综合治理工艺流程及原理。     

Characterization of molecular orientation in injection–stretch–blow‐molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles by means of external reflection infrared spectroscopy

The molecular orientation at the outer surface of injection–stretch–blow‐molded bottles made from poly(ethylene terephthalate) was characterized and quantified by means of front‐surface reflection infrared spectroscopy based on a method developed previously. Results were obtained for two different bottle shapes (cylindrical and rectangular) molded at different injection mold temperatures (16, 38, and 60°C). For the cylindrical bottles, the preferred molecular chain orientation was found to be in the axial direction, with the Hermans orientation function near 0.3 for all three mold temperatures. For the less symmetrical rectangular bottles, a significant difference was observed between the large and small faces. For the large face, the orientation was mainly in the hoop direction; the Hermans orientation function was in the range of 0.3–0.5 and was essentially the same at all mold temperatures and positions along the bottle height. For the small face, on the other hand, the preferred orientation changed from the hoop direction near the bottom to the axial direction near the top, and the variation was more pronounced at lower mold temperatures. The utility of the front‐surface reflection technique was clearly demonstrated. It was also applied, with the use of an infrared microscope, to examine the orientation gradient across the wall thickness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1319–1327, 2007     

基于导数分析的反应器网络综合方法

对反应器网络综合问题进行了研究，分析了瞬时选择性对关键组份组成的偏导数与最佳反应器类型之间的关系，给出了确定最优反应器的三条规则。对δS/δC符号不变的反应体系，用这些规则可获得最优反应器网络。对一般的反应体系，假设了五种典型S－CA曲线所对应的反应过程，分别对不同曲线类型给出了确定最优反应器网络的方法。此外，按本文方法所得的最优反应器网络结构是一个CSTR或PFR或由CSTR、PFR组成的串联结构。由dS/dCA的符号及其变化情况决定。给出了两个说明本文方法的例子，结果表明本文方法简单并可获得与文献相同或相似的结果。     

Synthesis and optical properties of polyacetylenes containing nonlinear optical chromophores

High molecular weight polyacetylenes bearing nonlinear chromophoric pendants poly[4-ethynyl-4′-(N,N-diethylamino)azobenzene-co-phenylacetylene]s [poly(EAAB-co-PA)s] were synthesized in moderate yields by [Rh(nbd)Cl]₂-Et₃N. The azo unit in the copolymers can be effectively controlled by the monomer feed ratio. Whereas the homopolymer of EAAB possessed low solubility, all the copolymers, however, dissolved readily in common organic solvents when the poly(EAAB) molar content was less than 41.7%. The structures and properties of the polymers were characterized and evaluated by UV, NMR, optical limiting, and nonlinear optical analyses. All the copolymers possessed high stereoregularity and thermal stability (≥300 °C). They can attenuate intense laser pulses, with solutions of high concentrations showing better performances. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the copolymers was as high as 4.62×10⁻¹¹ esu, which are two orders of magnitude larger than those of poly(PA), and larger than that of poly(N-carbazoylacetylene), and poly(1-naphthylacetylene).     

Influence of current density on oxygen transfer in an electroflotation cell

The objective of this work is to study the transfer of oxygen from gas to liquid phase in an electroflotation cell. The measurements were performed in a laboratory scale cell using insoluble electrodes, titanium coated with ruthenium oxide as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient K _L a, was characterized for clean tap water as liquid phase for different values of current density (J). The global coefficient of mass transfer based on the liquid film, K _L , and the specific interfacial area, a, were characterized. A model which relates K _L a to current density was established. Different evaluation criteria of oxygen transfer in electroflotation process were determined and compared with other aeration process.     

废旧电池中有价金属回收利用探讨

随着中国经济的稳步发展和投资环境的不断优化,中国已成为电池的制造和消费大国,每年产生数亿只废旧电池。对废旧电池的回收利用已成为全社会关注的问题。介绍了废旧电池中有价金属的回收利用方法,着重介绍了锂离子二次电池正极材料有价金属的回收利用方法。指出,中国商品化的正极材料只有钴酸锂（LiCoO2）,这种正极材料钴含量高,且钴价值高,并且回收工艺可行,因此,从钴酸锂正极材料中回收钴等有价金属,对发展中国的循环经济具有重要意义。同时介绍了锂离子二次电池正极材料的研究现状。