Effect of heat treatment on the structural transformations and properties of high-nitrogen chromium steels

Conclusions  

Phase Diagram and Glass Formation in the Sb<Subscript>2</Subscript>S<Subscript>3</Subscript>-AgI System

The phase diagram, the glass formation, and the physicochemical properties of glass-forming and crystalline compositions in the Sb₂S₃-AgI system are investigated. Glasses in this system are moisture-resistant and have high refractive indices. These materials can be used in optical devices operating in the long-wavelength spectral range and as membranes for chemical sensors. The phase diagram of the Sb₂S₃-AgI system is constructed from the data of X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analyses.     

Results from tests of modernized moisture separator-reheater of K-500-65/3000 turbine plants of the power unit No. 4 at the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plants (NPP)

Results from tests of the modernized moisture separator-reheaters MSRs-500-1 with Powervane louvers developed by Balcke-Dürr company are presented. Results fromstudies on the determination of wetness of the heated steam at the outlet from the separating part of the MSR and its temperature between super-heating stages, which demonstrate advantages of modernized MSR are discussed.     

Electron-microscopic study of the structure of the surface layer in high-nitrogen 05Kh22AG15N8M2F steel after face turning

The structure of the surface layer in high-nitrogen 05Kh22AG15N8M2F steel workpieces subjected to face turning is studied by electron microscopy. It is found that improved machinability by VK8 alloy cutting tools is achieved at a cutting depth of 0.25 mm and that the cutting-tool life decreases sharply when the cutting depth increases to 1 mm. A nanocrystalline structure with nanocrystal sizes from several to several tens of nanometers forms in the surface layer upon face turning in the as-cast, hot-rolled, and thermally deformed states. The structure of the surface layer is characterized by a high dislocation density and large austenite fragments with broad subgrains and deformation twins.     

Structural and phase transformations in high-nitrogen austenitic steel 05Kh20AG10N3MF during thermal action

The structural and phase transformations in high-nitrogen austenitic steel 05Kh20AG10N3MF under various thermal actions are studied. The transformations are shown to occur only in the Fe-Cr diffusion couple, and they resemble the phase transformations in an Fe-20% Cr binary alloy. At 1200°C, hightemperature phase separation is detected; at 550°C or below, low-temperature separation is detected; and at 700 and 800°C, ordering with the formation of a Laves phase is observed. The ordering-low-temperature separation phase transition in the steel differs substantially from that occurring in Fe-Cr binary alloys.     

Lead-containing oxyhalide glass

New glass compositions in the PbO-PbCl₂-PbBr₂ system are synthesized and the region of vitrification is established. The temperature of sample vitrification is determined using the technique of differential-thermal analysis and the influence of the components on the temperature of vitrification has been studied. Infrared, Raman, and X-ray photoelectronic spectra are registered, suggestions about the glass structure are made, and the X-ray-phase analysis has been carried out. The density is measured and the refractive index of glass is estimated.