3D Printing Conductive Composites with Poly(ionic liquid) as a Noncovalent Intermedia to Fabricate Carbon Circuits

In this study, a kind of imidazole type poly(ionic liquid) ([PEP-MIM]Cl) is synthesized, which can disperse carbon effectively. [PEP-MIM]Cl is used as an intermediate to coat carbon on the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA-co-MBA) via ion exchange to obtain conductive polymer composite (CPC). A series of characterizations are performed. Experiments show that carbon can be coated on the PAA-co-MBA uniformly, and compared with using carbon as filler, this method requires less carbon to achieve good conductive performance. The carbon layer on the polymer's surface is enriched via the swelling-shrinking properties of PAA-co-MBA according to the SEM images. Furthermore, in combination with 3D printing technology, PAA-co-MBA can be designed into different shapes to achieve various functions such as pressure-sensing element. Finally, a new type of CPC named carbon clad polymeric laminate (CCPL) is prepared by using the carbon coating method and 3D printing technology. It has the potential to replace copper clad laminate (CCL) and printed circuit board (PCB), to a certain extent. This technology expands the preparation method and application of the CPC such as flexible and wearable conductive fabrics.     

Stretchable,Antifreezing, Non-Drying,and Fast-Response Sensors Based on Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Signal Detection

Conductive hydrogels have received widespread attention in the applications of biosensors, human–machine interface, and health recording electrodes. Herein, the conductive hydrogels integrated with antifreezing, water retention, reusable, and sensing performances are fabricated by introducing polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose nanofibril, MXene nanosheets, and glycerol. The as-prepared hydrogels present prominent electrical conductivity (2.58 mS cm⁻¹) and flexibility even at −18 °C. In addition, the hydrogels have favorable water retention performance and can reuse after heating and cooling. When used as sensors, the hydrogels illustrate high sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.30), fast response time (0.165 s), wide working strain range (559%), favorable linearity (R² = 0.999), and wide operating temperature range (−18 to 60 °C). The hydrogels can detect not only large strains of 10–200%, but also small strains of 1–5%, making them promising candidates for wearable sensors to monitor large and subtle movements.     

Gurum Seeds: A Potential Source of Edible Oil

Cucurbitaceae family seeds are mostly discarded as agro-industrial wastes. Gurum (Citrullus lanatus var. colocynthoide) is an underutilized wild cucurbit plant, closely related to desert watermelon, which is grown abundantly in some African countries. Gurum seeds can play a significant role in health and nutrition due to their high oil content. This review describes the nutritional composition of gurum seeds and their oil profile. Gurum seeds are a good source of oil (27–35.5%), fiber (26–31%), crude protein (15–18%), and carbohydrates (14–17%). Gurum seeds oil is extracted by supercritical CO₂ (SFE), screw press, and solvent extraction techniques. The gurum seeds oil is composed of unsaturated fatty acids with a high proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2) and oleic acid (C18:1). Gurum seeds oil contains various bioactive compounds, such as tocopherols, phytosterols, and polyphenols. It is reported that solvent extraction gives a higher yield than the screw press and SFE, but the SFE is preferred due to safety issues. More studies are required for producing better quality gurum seeds oil by using novel extraction techniques that can increase oil yield.     

化学交联聚酰亚胺隔膜增强锂离子电池性能研究

隔膜作为锂离子电池的重要组成部分,用于阻隔阴极和阳极直接接触,同时为锂离子在电极间的传输提供有效通道。聚酰亚胺隔膜因其具有充放电循环寿命长、机械强度适中、良好的电绝缘性能以及自熄能力等优点,而受到广泛关注。以对苯二甲胺作为交联剂,将聚酰亚胺隔膜进行化学交联,研究了交联时间与隔膜形貌、结构及性能之间的构效关系。随着交联时间的增加,隔膜的孔隙率和吸液率逐渐降低,电解液接触角和机械强度逐渐增大。电化学测试表明,随着交联时间的增加,隔膜的本体阻抗逐渐增大,进而离子电导率逐渐降低,而交联隔膜的界面阻抗均远小于未交联隔膜,且交联隔膜的电化学窗口也均大于未交联隔膜。通过组装半电池测试发现,交联隔膜所组装电池的倍率性能和循环性能均优于未交联隔膜,当交联时间为48 h时,电池性能表现最优,循环100次以后,放电比容量为130.2 mA·h/g,容量保留率为91.1%。     

基于离散裂缝模型的页岩油储层压裂渗吸数值模拟

对于含黏土矿物较高的页岩油储层,地层水的矿化度可高达4.786×103 mol·m?3,压裂过程中与注入的低矿化度压裂液形成的渗透压作用显著。为探究渗透压对渗吸的影响作用,建立了综合考虑渗透压和毛管力渗吸作用的油水两相二维离散裂缝网络模型,开展了页岩油储层压裂液泵注和关井阶段渗透压、毛管力、关井时间、盐浓度、膜效率、分支缝面积占比等对渗吸的影响规律研究。结果表明:①滤失主要由压力差、毛管力和渗透压3种机制驱动,其中压力差是滤失的关键控制机制;②关井时间对压裂液的渗吸作用影响较大,关井50 d时,前15 d渗吸量可达到总渗吸量的80%,且关井压力扩散会波及到两侧压裂段;③与压力扩散相比,渗透压达到平衡的时间较长,对于地层水矿化度为4.786×103 mol·m?3的情况,裂缝附近的矿化度达到600 mol·m?3左右所需关井时间为50 d;④由于压力差是渗吸主要驱动力,页岩膜效率对渗透压力扩散影响微弱,页岩膜效率30%与5%相比渗吸量仅增加4%;⑤对于密切割压裂,关井后,含水饱和度受小间距水力裂缝控制,分支缝对渗吸含水饱和度的影响有限。      

充填型单缝煤岩水力脉动解堵试验研究

利用室内自行研制的可调频脉动水力压裂系统及预制充填型单缝的煤岩,开展不同频率条件下水力脉动解堵试验,研究脉动作用下解堵水压演化过程和解堵效果。试验结果表明,水力脉动解堵压力演化过程可分为三个阶段:压力上升阶段、压力下降阶段和压力波动稳定阶段。在疲劳损伤和脉动波的双重作用下,脉动作用下的煤岩解堵表现出解堵压力阀值比定常流作用下更低、压降持续时间更短、压降幅值更小的特点。定常流作用下煤粉运移集中在压力下降阶段;脉动压力作用下煤粉在压力下降阶段和压力波动稳定阶段均有运移,且压力下降时间与运移煤粉总量成正相关关系,但煤粉总的运移量和定常流作用下的相当。脉动作用和定常流作用下径向渗透主要发生在压力上升至压力峰值阶段,但脉动流的解堵时间短,则滤液渗透半径小对储层的伤害小。综合考虑解堵压力、煤粉运移、解堵渗透路径和解堵渗流深度,特别是解堵压力和解堵渗流深度作为主要评价因素,在3 Hz条件下解堵效果最好,其具有较低的解堵压力和最小的解堵渗流深度。      

不同制备工艺对ZnS光学性能的影响

分别用真空热压、H2S模式的化学气相沉积以及S模式的化学气相沉积3种工艺方法制备了红外透过性能良好的ZnS材料.比较了不同的工艺过程对ZnS显微结构的影响,并且分析了不同制备方法形成的缺陷对光学性能的影响.探讨了热等静压工艺改善光学性能的原因和机理.透过谱图的测试表明,S模式的化学气相沉积法制备的ZnS具有最高的可见光至远红外的透过率.对3种方法制备的ZnS分别进行了热等静压后处理,发现对材料的光学透过性能都有不同程度的提高.