A review of fractionations of rare earth elements in plants

Studies were carried out on several aspects of rare earth elements （REEs）, such as the theory and practice of their applications in agriculture, their geochemical behaviors in natural and agricultural ecosystems, the mechanisms for the increase of crop yield using REE fertilizer, and their toxicology. However, limited knowledge was available for the transfer processes and the features and mechanisms of distribution and fractionations of REEs inside plants. The characteristics of REE fractionations in plants can be used to ＂trace＂ the pathway of REE transportation from soils （solution） to plants. A better understanding of the mechanisms of REE fractionations was helpful to investigate the controlling factors, including both the internal and the external ones. The characteristics and mechanisms of REE fractionations in plants and their significance were reviewed. Furthermore, the prospect for these fields was discussed, in hope of providing a new way in studying the bioavailability of REEs and heavy metals.     

基于立体折反射全向成像的柱面全景深度估算

针对立体视觉原理的新型立体折反射全向成像系统结构设计和面向立体柱面全景像对的局域灰度相关对应点快速匹配算法,从捕获的全向市体影像中提取有效深度信息,用于辅助全向视频分析处理中的对象检测和跟踪.采用单相机和两个不同参数的抛物面型反射镜构造了一种共轴结构的折反射全向立体成像装置,捕获的存在一定视差的原始全向立体像对被投影展开为立体柱面全景像对,而后通过特定对应点匹配算法提取稠密的深度信息.对应点匹配算法采用局部区域灰度相关的算了,并充分利用了双向匹配和柱面全景的外极线约束来提高匹配的速度和准确度.仿真实验有效恢复了场景深度信息,证明了整套装置结构设计及深度估计方法的有效性.     

高压电瓷废料制备低密度高强度陶粒支撑剂及其性能

以高压电瓷废料为原料,通过气流超细粉碎、圆盘造粒,经1180～1260℃烧结制备油气开采水力压裂用陶粒支撑剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同烧结温度陶粒支撑剂试样的物相组成和微观形貌进行分析,通过石油天然气行业标准中的方法测试试样的密度、破碎率及酸溶解度,研究烧结温度对试样微观结构和性能的影响.结果表明,支撑剂主要物相为莫来石和刚玉,随着烧结温度的升高,针状莫来石晶粒逐渐长大,并互相交错堆叠形成网格状结构,液相均匀分散并包裹于晶粒,使试样致密化程度提高.但烧结温度过高会导致试样内二次莫来石化程度变高,部分莫来石晶粒异常长大,使支撑剂整体表现出高的空隙率,影响试样强度.试样在1220℃表现出最高视密度和最低破碎率,在69 MPa闭合压力下其破碎率仅为6.1％、视密度为2.74 g/cm3,符合SY/T5108-2014中关于低密度陶粒支撑剂的标准要求.     

Contrastive Observation of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Resource

Solar thermal and photovoltaic applications are the most widely used and the most successful way of commercial development in solar energy applications. Observation and assessment of solar thermal and photovoltaic resources are the basis and key of their large-scale development and utilization. Using the observational data carried out from Beijing southern suburbs observation station of China Meteorological Administration in summer of 2009, preliminary solar thermal and photovoltaic resources characteristics for different weather conditions, different angle and different directions are analyzed. The results show that: (1) In sunny, cloudy or rainy weather conditions, both of solar thermal and photovoltaic sensors daily irradiance have consistent change in trend. Solar thermal irradiance is larger than photovoltaic. Under sunny conditions, solar thermal global radiation has about 2.7% higher than the photovoltaic global radiation. Under cloudy weather conditions, solar thermal global radiation has about 3.9% higher than the photovoltaic. Under rainy weather conditions, solar thermal global radiation has about 20% higher than the photovoltaic. (2) For different inclined plane daily global radiation, southern latitude -15 °incline is the maximum and southern vertical surface is the minimum. The order from large to small is southern latitude-15 ° incline, southern latitude incline, southern latitude+15 °incline, horizontal surface and southern vertical surface. Southern latitude -15 °incline global radiation has about 41% higher than the southern vertical surface. (3) For different orientation vertical surface daily global radiation, southern vertical surface is the maximum and western vertical surface is the minimum, which eastern vertical surface is in the middle. Southern vertical surface global radiation has about 20% higher than the western vertical surface.     

激光熔覆Hastelloy C276涂层组织及抗热震性能研究

目的 针对微晶玻璃压延辊在服役过程中因表面频繁承受较大的温度梯度而开裂的问题，研究一种抗冷热疲劳性能突出的高性能防护涂层来延长压延辊服役寿命。方法 采用激光熔覆技术，以扫描速度为800 mm/min、送粉量为26 g/min、光斑直径为4 mm、搭接率为50%、激光功率为2 200 W的工艺参数，在2Cr13基体上熔覆Hastelloy C276镍基合金涂层。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）研究熔覆涂层的微观组织和热震失效裂纹微观形貌、元素分布以及涂层相组成。利用箱式电阻炉对Hastelloy C276熔覆涂层与2Cr13基体进行热震试验。结果 Hastelloy C276熔覆涂层表面无裂纹、成形良好，涂层与基体之间为冶金结合。涂层由γ-Ni、M6C和M23C6相组成。熔覆涂层从基体结合处至表面依次形成了平面晶、胞状组织、柱状树枝晶以及等轴树枝晶，碳化物相均在树枝晶间析出。Hastelloy C276熔覆涂层抗热震失效次数约为2Cr13基体的3倍，最高抗热震次数可达到202,HastelloyC276熔覆涂层具有良好的抗热震性能。结论 由于Hastell...