This paper considers the problem of scheduling quay cranes which are used at sea port container terminals to load and unload
containers. This problem is studied intensively in a recent stream of research but still lacks a correct treatment of crane
interference constraints. We present a revised optimization model for the scheduling of quay cranes and propose a heuristic
solution procedure. At its core a Branch-and-Bound algorithm is applied for searching a subset of above average quality schedules.
The heuristic takes advantage from efficient criteria for branching and bounding the search with respect to the impact of
crane interference. Although the used techniques are quite standard, the new heuristic produces much better solutions in considerably
shorter run times than all algorithms known from the literature. 相似文献
This article describes research conducted to gather empirical evidence on size, character and content of the option space in building design projects. This option space is the key starting point for the work of any climate engineer using building performance simulation who is supporting the design process. The underlying goal is to strengthen the role of advanced computing in building design, especially in the early conceptual stage, through a better integration of building performance simulation tools augmented with uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis. Better integration will need to assist design rather than automate design, allowing a spontaneous, creative and flexible process that acknowledges the expertise of the design team members. This research investigates and contrasts emergent option spaces and their inherent uncertainties in an artificial setting (student design studios) and in real-life scenarios (commercial design project case studies). The findings provide empirical evidence of the high variability of the option space that can be subjected to uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis. 相似文献
In this paper we present a new concept of creating and using capillary pressure gradients for passive degassing and passive methanol supply in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). An anode flow field consisting of parallel tapered channels structures is applied to achieve the passive supply mechanism. The flow is propelled by the surface forces of deformed CO2 bubbles, generated as a reaction product during DMFC operation. This work focuses on studying the influence of channel geometry and surface properties on the capillary-induced liquid flow rates at various bubbly gas flow rates. Besides the aspect ratios and opening angles of the tapered channels, the static contact angle as well as the effect of contact angle hysteresis has been identified to significantly influence the liquid flow rates induced by capillary forces at the bubble menisci. Applying the novel concept, we show that the liquid flow rates are up to thirteen times higher than the methanol oxidation reaction on the anode requires. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the continuous passive operation of a DMFC for more than 15 h. 相似文献
Information flow control (IFC) checks whether a program can leak secret data to public ports, or whether critical computations
can be influenced from outside. But many IFC analyses are imprecise, as they are flow-insensitive, context-insensitive, or
object-insensitive; resulting in false alarms. We argue that IFC must better exploit modern program analysis technology, and
present an approach based on program dependence graphs (PDG). PDGs have been developed over the last 20 years as a standard
device to represent information flow in a program, and today can handle realistic programs. In particular, our dependence
graph generator for full Java bytecode is used as the basis for an IFC implementation which is more precise and needs less
annotations than traditional approaches. We explain PDGs for sequential and multi-threaded programs, and explain precision
gains due to flow-, context-, and object-sensitivity. We then augment PDGs with a lattice of security levels and introduce
the flow equations for IFC. We describe algorithms for flow computation in detail and prove their correctness. We then extend
flow equations to handle declassification, and prove that our algorithm respects monotonicity of release. Finally, examples
demonstrate that our implementation can check realistic sequential programs in full Java bytecode. 相似文献
We report a reflectivity study of thez-polarized TO-phonons of PrxY1–xBa2Cu4O8 and YBa2–ySryCu4O8 alloys in the temperature range 10–300 K. Anomalies of the frequency and linewidth of the plane-oxygen vibration at300 cm–1 due to the opening of the superconducting gap are found to occur upon crossing the superconducting transition temperatureTc. Phonon self-energy effects are strongly dependent onTc, providing evidence for a relative shift of the gap with respect to the energy of phonon.On leave from the Institute for Semiconductor Physics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 252650 Kiev-28, Ukraine. 相似文献
Es wird eine Erweiterung des mehrstufigen stationären Losgrößenproblems mit endlichen Produktionsgeschwindigkeiten um den zeitpunktgeballten Transportvorgang vorgestellt. Diese Darstellung gibt die Beziehungen zwischen Zulieferer, Transporteur und Produzent adäquat wieder. Hinsichtlich der Abstimmung der Entscheidungsgrößen dieser organisatorischen Einheiten wird zwischen einer rein simultanen, einer rein sukzessiven sowie zweier gemischt simultan-sukzessiver Koordinationsarten unterschieden. An Hand einer analytischen Untersuchung werden Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der jeweiligen Entscheidungsgrößen und der daraus resultierenden Kostenfunktionen dargestellt. Schließlich zeigt eine numerische Analyse die Gesamtkostenunterschiede zwischen der rein simultanen und rein sukzessiven Koordinationsart auf.An extension is introduced to the multi-stage stationary lot-sizing problem with finite production rates by the time-concentrated transportation-process. This representation adequately demonstrates the relations between supplier, carrier and producer. With regard to the reconciliation of the decision variables of these institutional units one differentiates between a pure simultaneous, a pure gradual and two mixed simultaneous-gradual coordination methods. The differences and correspondences of the respective decision variables and the resulting cost functions are demonstrated by means of an analytical examination. Finally, a numerical analysis shows the distinctions in total cost between the pure simultaneous and pure gradual coordination method. 相似文献
The performance of five hole-transporting layers (HTLs) is investigated in both single-junction perovskite and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe)-perovskite tandem solar cells: nickel oxide (NiOx,), copper-doped nickel oxide (NiOx:Cu), NiOx+SAM, NiOx:Cu+SAM, and SAM, where SAM is the [2-(3,-6Dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) self-assembled monolayer. The performance of the devices is correlated to the charge-carrier dynamics at the HTL/perovskite interface and the limiting factors of these HTLs are analyzed by performing time-resolved and absolute photoluminescence ((Tr)PL), transient surface photovoltage (tr-SPV), and X-ray/UV photoemission spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) measurements on indium tin oxide (ITO)/HTL/perovskite and CIGSe/HTL/perovskite stacks. A high quasi-Fermi level splitting to open-circuit (QFLS-Voc) deficit is detected for the NiOx-based devices, attributed to electron trapping and poor hole extraction at the NiOx-perovskite interface and a low carrier effective lifetime in the bulk of the perovskite. Simultaneously, doping the NiOx with 2% Cu and passivating its surface with MeO-2PACz suppresses the electron trapping, enhances the holes extraction, reduces the non-radiative interfacial recombination, and improves the band alignment. Due to this superior interfacial charge-carrier dynamics, NiOx:Cu+SAM is found to be the most suitable HTL for the monolithic CIGSe-perovskite tandem devices, enabling a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4%, Voc of 1.72V, and a fill factor (FF) of 71%, while the remaining four HTLs suffer from prominent Voc and FF losses. 相似文献
Robotic process automation is a disruptive technology to automate already digital yet manual tasks and subprocesses as well as whole business processes rapidly. In contrast to other process automation technologies, robotic process automation is lightweight and only accesses the presentation layer of IT systems to mimic human behavior. Due to the novelty of robotic process automation and the varying approaches when implementing the technology, there are reports that up to 50% of robotic process automation projects fail. To tackle this issue, we use a design science research approach to develop a framework for the implementation of robotic process automation projects. We analyzed 35 reports on real-life projects to derive a preliminary sequential model. Then, we performed multiple expert interviews and workshops to validate and refine our model. The result is a framework with variable stages that offers guidelines with enough flexibility to be applicable in complex and heterogeneous corporate environments as well as for small and medium-sized companies. It is structured by the three phases of initialization, implementation, and scaling. They comprise eleven stages relevant during a project and as a continuous cycle spanning individual projects. Together they structure how to manage knowledge and support processes for the execution of robotic process automation implementation projects.
Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing - This paper presents a critical review of laser pyrolysis. Although this technology is almost 60 years old, in literature many researchers, both from... 相似文献