碱处理对聚偏二氟乙烯结构与介电性能的影响

研究了碱液浸泡处理对聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)结构和介电性能的影响。随着浸泡时间的延长,PVDF膜逐渐出现发黄发黑现象。根据傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱等测试表明,PVDF分子链在高温碱液中发生了脱除氟化氢反应,生成碳碳双键,其中部分被继续氧化成含氧基团。接触角测试和宽频介电谱测试结果显示,PVDF膜在强碱中浸泡22 h后,表面水接触角降至31°,亲水性增加;而随着分子链上共轭双键的增加,界面极化程度增大,低频处的介电常数和介电损耗均显著提高。     

城市轨道交通光伏发电系统的总体设计方案与并网模式分析

城市轨道交通已逐渐成为人们日常出行的重要交通工具,将光伏发电系统接入城市轨道交通直流牵引供电系统,不仅可以节能降耗,推动能源供应结构的转型,同时还能促进当地太阳能资源的利用和开发。首先概述了城市轨道交通光伏发电系统的总体设计方案,然后对光伏发电系统几种并网模式展开了讨论,最后对其今后的应用前景及发展方向进行了分析,以供该领域相关人员参考。     

Effect of Overexpression of γ-Tocopherol Methyltransferase on α-Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Accumulation and Tolerance to Salt Stress during Seed Germination in Brassica napus L.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop and a major source of tocopherols, also known as vitamin E, in human nutrition. Enhancing the quality and composition of fatty acids (FAs) and tocopherols in seeds has long been a target for rapeseed breeding. The gene γ-Tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) encodes an enzyme catalysing the conversion of γ-tocopherol to α-tocopherol, which has the highest biological activity. However, the genetic basis of γ-TMT in B. napus seeds remains unclear. In the present study, BnaC02.TMT.a, one paralogue of Brassica napus γ-TMT, was isolated from the B. napus cultivar “Zhongshuang11” by nested PCR, and two homozygous transgenic overexpression lines were further characterised. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of BnaC02.TMT.a mediated an increase in the α- and total tocopherol content in transgenic B. napus seeds. Interestingly, the FA composition was also altered in the transgenic plants; a reduction in the levels of oleic acid and an increase in the levels of linoleic acid and linolenic acid were observed. Consistently, BnaC02.TMT.a promoted the expression of BnFAD2 and BnFAD3, which are involved in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids during seed development. In addition, BnaC02.TMT.a enhanced the tolerance to salt stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) during seed germination in B. napus. Our results suggest that BnaC02.TMT.a could affect the tocopherol content and FA composition and play a positive role in regulating the rapeseed response to salt stress by modulating the ROS scavenging system. This study broadens our understanding of the function of the Bnγ-TMT gene and provides a novel strategy for genetic engineering in rapeseed breeding.     

煤矿雷管专用黑索金中的消焰剂含量测定

生产煤矿许用雷管的高分子胶造粒黑索金中含有消焰剂,为准确分析出黑索金中的消焰剂含量,本文采取离心分离法和灼烧法进行了试验对比,认为离心分离法更适合企业使用,并对影响离心分离法测定结果准确度的主要因素进行了探讨。     

催化精馏法合成乙二醇单甲醚的模拟研究

提出以环氧乙烷和甲醇为原料,应用催化精馏技术合成乙二醇单甲醚的工艺方法.采用基于非平衡级模型的模拟方法,考察关键操作参数对目的产物选择性和收率的影响,并得到优化的操作条件为400 kPa,377 K,甲醇和环氧乙烷流量均为0.078 mol/s,再沸比9,反应段高度1.8 m,提馏段高度3.2 m.建立了中试规模的催化精馏塔对模拟结果进行了验证.结果表明,采用催化精馏法合成乙二醇单甲醚,在优化条件下乙二醇单甲醚收率达到93%以上.实验结果与模拟结果吻合良好,表明模拟方法可靠.     

掺油中空玻璃密封胶的性能评价

通过对比实验,比较了掺油和未掺油中空玻璃密封胶的耐久性、热老化性能、粘接性能以及与热熔丁基密封胶的相容性,比较了其制造的中空玻璃的耐紫外辐照性能.深入分析了掺油中空玻璃密封胶所带来的一系列严重的质量问题及其在使用过程中的危害性.     

Plate-like carbon-supported Fe_3C nanoparticles with superior electrochemical performance

Iron-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) with higher theoretical capacity,natural abundance and cheapness have received considerable attention,but they still suffer from the fast capacity fading.To address this issue,we report a facile synthesis of plate-like carbonsupported Fe3 C nanoparticles through chemical blowing/carbonization under calcination.The ultrafine Fe3 C nanoparticles are prone to be oxidized when exposing in air;thus,Fe3 C/C with mild oxidization and the fully oxidized product of Fe_2 O_3/C are successfully prepared by controlling the oxidization condition.When applied as an anode material in LIB,the Fe3 C/C electrode demonstrates excellent cycle stability(826 mAh·g~(-1) after 120 cycles under 500 mA·g~(-1)) and rate performance(410.6 mAh·g~(-1)under 2 A·g~(-1)),compared with the Fe_2 O_3/C counterpart.The enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the synergetic effect of the Fe3 C with mild oxidation and the unique hierarchical structure of plate-like carbon decorated with Fe_3 C catalyst.More importantly,this work may offer new approaches to synthesize other transition metal(e.g.,Co,Ni)-based anode material by replacing the precursor ingredient.     

Theoretical calculation and evaluation of n +~(240,242,244)Pu reactions

The nuclear data of n+~(240;242;244)Pu reactions for incident energy below 200 MeV are calculated and evaluated to meet the requirement in the design of an accelerator-driven subcritical system. The optical model is used to calculate the total, nonelastic, shape elastic cross sections, shape elastic scattering angular distributions, and transmission coefficients. The distorted-wave Born approximation is applied to calculate the direct inelastic scatterings to the discrete excited states. The nuclear reaction statistical models and fission theory are applied to describe neutron, proton, deuteron, triton, helium-3, alpha and c emissions, and fission consistently. The results thus obtained are compared with experimental data and the evaluated data obtained from ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL-4.0.     

Single-event effects induced by medium-energy protons in 28 nm system-on-chip

Single-event effects(SEEs) induced by medium-energy protons in a 28 nm system-on-chip(So C) were investigated at the China Institute of Atomic Energy. An on-chip memory block was irradiated with 90 MeV and70 MeV protons, respectively. Single-bit upset and multicell upset events were observed, and an uppermost number of nine upset cells were discovered in the 90 MeV proton irradiation test. The results indicate that the SEE sensitivities of the 28 nm SoC to the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were similar. Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics Monte Carlo simulations were analyzed, and it demonstrates that protons can induce effects in a 28 nm SoC if their energies are greater than 1.4 MeV and that the lowest corresponding linear energy transfer was 0.142 MeV cm~2 mg~(-1). The similarities and discrepancies of the SEEs induced by the 90 MeV and 70 MeV protons were analyzed.     

Biofilm and Small Colony Variants—An Update on Staphylococcus aureus Strategies toward Drug Resistance

Recently, the drawbacks arising from the overuse of antibiotics have drawn growing public attention. Among them, drug-resistance (DR) and even multidrug-resistance (MDR) pose significant challenges in clinical practice. As a representative of a DR or MDR pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus can cause diversity of infections related to different organs, and can survive or adapt to the diverse hostile environments by switching into other phenotypes, including biofilm and small colony variants (SCVs), with altered physiologic or metabolic characteristics. In this review, we briefly describe the development of the DR/MDR as well as the classical mechanisms (accumulation of the resistant genes). Moreover, we use multidimensional scaling analysis to evaluate the MDR relevant hotspots in the recent published reports. Furthermore, we mainly focus on the possible non-classical resistance mechanisms triggered by the two important alternative phenotypes of the S. aureus, biofilm and SCVs, which are fundamentally caused by the different global regulation of the S. aureus population, such as the main quorum-sensing (QS) and agr system and its coordinated regulated factors, such as the SarA family proteins and the alternative sigma factor σB (SigB). Both the biofilm and the SCVs are able to escape from the host immune response, and resist the therapeutic effects of antibiotics through the physical or the biological barriers, and become less sensitive to some antibiotics by the dormant state with the limited metabolisms.