低温地层钻进特点及其钻井液技术现状综述

在低温地层(主要包括冰层、极地、永冻层以及赋存天然气水合物的永冻层)的钻进对于科学研究和矿产与油气资源的勘探开发都非常重要。介绍了低温地层钻进的国内外研究背景,分析了其钻进特点,对相关的低温钻井液的研究现状和应用情况进行了讨论,对低温地层钻进及其钻井液的研究提出了几点建议。     

高凝油油藏自流掺稀冷采新技术与实践

为解决高凝油油藏凝固点高、流动性差、常规技术开采经济效益低下等问题,采用井筒热传导、掺稀增液及降凝等技术,综合考虑地温、液量、掺稀比和生产制度等多种因素,形成了1套高凝油自流掺稀冷采新方法。结合矿场数据,对地层温度、液量、掺稀比及生产制度等参数在自流掺稀冷采过程中的敏感性进行了研究。结果表明：掺稀可以增加液量、提高原油温度,当液量大于60 m³/d时,便能保持较高的井口温度;掺入低凝油的比例超过60%时,混合原油的凝固点可大幅降低;动液面对温度损失的影响较大,当动液面低于1 000 m时,原油的井口温度可保持较高水平。在G油田的1口井中实施高凝油自流掺稀冷采开发技术,投产1年半以来,原来不具备开采条件的高凝油共计被采出3.16万m³。因此,针对高凝油与低凝油共生油藏,通过控制液量、掺稀比例以及优化生产制度等措施,能够实现自流掺稀冷采。该研究成果对同类型油藏的开发具有较好的借鉴意义。     

基于模糊逻辑的使用控制模型研究

把模糊逻辑引入使用控制的授权模型,使授权过程对不能通过验证的权限请求并不立即拒绝,而是对用户满足系统约束条件的程度进行分析,再授予最大的权限集。新的授权模型具有更细的粒度,也更具灵活性,更适合将来的智能化网络环境使用。     

海上低孔低渗气田抗高温完井产能释放液的研究

低孔低渗气田的主要产能释放措施是酸化和压裂,而海上油气田受完井方式、作业成本、安全要求等因素制约,储层改造措施技术有限。为解决文昌低孔低渗高温气田产能释放问题,通过对酸化以及储层保护等多方面研究,分别构建了具有酸化、破胶、扩孔和防水锁等功效的适合文昌气田定向井和水平井的新型完井产能释放液体系,体系酸溶率7.70%~12.99%,深部酸化能力强,可有效降低毛管压力和增加助排性,系列流体污染后渗透率恢复值大于90%,且二次污染后渗透率恢复值仍保持稳定,具有良好的储层改造和保护效果。完井产能释放液体系在文昌气田应用后,各井清井测试产能平均达到配产产量的1.7倍,充分释放了低孔低渗高温气田的产能需求,为类似海上低渗气田的开发提供了借鉴。      

Significant Strain‐Induced Orbital Reconstruction and Strong Interfacial Magnetism in TiNi(Nb)/Ferromagnet/Oxide Heterostructures via Oxygen Manipulation

Dynamical manipulation of oxygen ion (O^2?) at metal/oxide heterointerfaces is widely demonstrated to tailor numerous physical and chemical properties and facilitate creating novel functionalities significantly. The traditional works mainly focus on electric control of O^2? dynamical behavior and related interface characteristics. Here, an alternative strategy is reported to modulate O^2? transport and interfacial magnetism via a significant strain induced by shape memory effect, which is different from the conventional magnetoelastic coupling mechanism. By driving the martensite to austenite transition in TiNi(Nb) shape memory alloy substrates, a significant and tunable strain is exerted on Pt/Co/MgO heterostructure, which promotes interfacial O^2? migration in a nonvolatile manner. The O^2? migration induces an orbital reconstruction of Co to tune the orbital magnetism noticeably, which strengthens the interfacial magnetic anisotropy energy by two times to a striking value of 0.95 erg cm^?2. Besides, the overall magnetic anisotropy is broadly tunable from in‐plane to perpendicular direction by an elaborate strain engineering with changing Co thickness. This work develops a nonelectrical oxygen manipulation for tailoring ion‐controlled interfacial properties universally and also clarifies the magnetoionic coupling origin for enriching the oxygen‐related orbital physics and functional device applications.     

Porous Enzymatic Membrane for Nanotextured Glucose Sweat Sensors with High Stability toward Reliable Noninvasive Health Monitoring

Development of reliable glucose sensors for noninvasive monitoring without interruption or limiting users' mobility is highly desirable, especially for diabetes diagnostics, which requires routine/long‐term monitoring. However, their applications are largely limited by the relatively poor stability. Herein, a porous membrane is synthesized for effective enzyme immobilization and it is robustly anchored to the modified nanotextured electrode solid contacts, so as to realize glucose sensors with significantly enhanced sensing stability and mechanical robustness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of utilizing such nanoporous membranes for electrochemical sensor applications, which eliminates enzyme escape and provides a sufficient surface area for molecular/ion diffusion and interactions, thus ensuring the sustainable catalytic activities of the sensors and generating reliable measureable signals during noninvasive monitoring. The as‐assembled nanostructured glucose sensors demonstrate reliable long‐term stable monitoring with a minimal response drift for up to 20 h, which delivers a remarkable enhancement. Moreover, they can be integrated into a microfluidic sensing patch for noninvasive sweat glucose monitoring. The as‐synthesized nanostructured glucose sensors with remarkable stability can inspire developments of various enzymatic biosensors for reliable noninvasive composition analysis and their ultimate applications in predictive clinical diagnostics, personalized health‐care monitoring, and chronic diseases management.     

一种新型双吸收层光探测器的设计和分析

PIN光探测器是光纤通信系统和网络中的关键器件.量子效率和响应带宽是衡量光探测器性能的重要指标,并且这两个参数都与器件的吸收层密切相关.为了提高光探测器的性能,提出了一种新型双吸收层光探测器(即PINIP结构),利用侧腐蚀工艺减小双吸收层光探测器吸收层的结面积.对其性能进行了理论研究,结果表明该器件的量子效率达到了93％,同时响应带宽达到了26 GHz,比传统结构的双吸收层光探测器提高了44％.     

彩色等离子体显示器用荧光粉

本文阐述了荧光粉的发光特性对彩色等离子体显示器（ＰＤＰ）性能影响。介绍了荧光粉激发光谱和相对发光效率的测试方法，并对常用真空紫外荧光粉的发光特性进行了比较。最后分析说明了荧光粉的涂覆面积、厚度、颗粒度大小等因素对ＰＤＰ亮度和光效的影响。     

基于并行膜计算的短期电力负荷组合预测

提出一种并行膜计算(Parallel Membrane Computing,PMC)的电力负荷短期组合预测方法。将线性回归模型、趋势外推模型、改进灰色模型和粒子群优化参数的支持向量机分别放入膜系统的基本膜中,同时并行预测,然后把预测结果输出到表层膜。在表层膜中组合得出最终预测值,组合优化以各种方法预测结果的几何平均数与加权组合结果之差的平方值最小为目标函数,并采用改进粒子群算法分时段优化出权重系数。此外,在进行预测前对历史数据进行了改进滑动平均处理,并采用系统聚类法选出计算输入的历史数据。并行膜计算可以极大地提高组合预测速度,以多种方法预测结果的几何平均数代替真实值确立组合预测模型的目标函数更具实用性。最后,仿真结果验证了所提方法的合理性和有效性。     

喷泉码编译码原理研究和分析

喷泉码是一种新颖的基于图的纠删码技术,在工程应用上有广阔的前景。本文针对几种典型分布数字喷泉码的编码方式进行综合比较和规律总结,同时对喷泉码的两类译码方式和适用范围进行了分析与探讨,通过仿真数据和图形比较了不同分布编码方式的性能差异和不同译码方式的优缺点所在。