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Stela Jokić Zoran Zeković Senka Vidović Rezica Sudar Ivana Nemet Mate Bilić Darko Velić 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2010,45(9):1939-1946
Supercritical CO2 extraction of soybean oil was performed. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effects of pressure, temperature and extraction time on soybean oil yield. The analysis of variance showed that pressure and extraction time followed by the quadratic term of pressure and interaction between pressure and time had the significant effect on the oil yield. The maximum extraction yield (6.59/100 g soybeans) at constant CO2 flow rate of 1.629 L per min was achieved at 50 °C, 300 bar and 4 h. The experimental values agreed well with those predicted by regression model. One‐stage diffusion model was successfully applied for modelling the kinetics of soybean oil. The main triacylglycerols of soybean oil were trilinolein, dilinoleoolein, dilinoleopalmitin and linoleooleopalmitin. Soybean oil extracted by supercritical CO2 had higher levels of linoleic and linolenic acids and lower levels of palmitic and stearic acids compared to oil extracted by organic solvent. 相似文献
43.
Jernej Zupanc Damjana Drobne Barbara Drasler Janez Valant Ales Iglic Veronika Kralj-Iglic Darko Makovec Michael Rappolt Barbara Sartori Ksenija Kogej 《Carbon》2012,50(3):1170-1178
There are some molecular dynamic simulations but a paucity of experimental evidence of the effects of C-60 fullerene on lipid bilayers. The aim of this study is to assess the potential for disruption of the lipid bilayer by C-60 suspended in water. We selected a C-60 suspension that has previously been shown to provoke cell membrane destabilisation in vivo. Electromobility measurements show significant negative surface charge on the C-60 nanoparticles suspended in a glucose solution and a zeta potential of ?26 mV. The prevalent C-60 clusters have hydrodynamic radii of approximately 2 nm. Phase contrast microscopy and computer aided image analysis results show that C-60 causes shape transformations and rupture of unilamellar phospholipid vesicles, indicative of changes in their average mean curvature. Small-angle X-ray scattering reveals that C-60 provokes disruptions of external membranes of multilamellar vesicles only after freeze and thaw cycles. Here, the liposomes undergo breakage and annealing steps which increase the probability for fullerenes to insert into the MLVs. Our experimental findings confirm the potential of C-60 to reconstruct lipids in biological membranes. This research enhances our understanding of the impact of engineered nanoparticles on cell membranes. 相似文献
44.
RNA Aminoacylation Mediated by Sequential Action of Two Ribozymes and a Nonactivated Amino Acid
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Dr. Jiacui Xu Dr. Bettina Appel Darko Balke Claudia Wichert Prof. Dr. Sabine Müller 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2014,15(8):1200-1209
In the transition from the RNA world to the modern DNA/protein world, RNA‐catalyzed aminoacylation might have been a key step towards early translation. A number of ribozymes capable of aminoacylating their own 3′ termini have been developed by in vitro selection. However, all of those catalysts require a previously activated amino acid—typically an aminoacyl‐AMP—as substrate. Here we present two ribozymes connected by intermolecular base pairing and carrying out the two steps of aminoacylation: ribozyme 1 loads nonactivated phenylalanine onto its phosphorylated 5′ terminus, thereby forming a high‐energy mixed anhydride. Thereafter, a complex of ribozymes 1 and 2 is formed by intermolecular base pairing, and the “activated” phenylalanine is transferred from the 5′ terminus of ribozyme 1 to the 3′ terminus of ribozyme 2. This kind of simple RNA aminoacylase complex was engineered from previously selected ribozymes possessing the two required activities. RNA aminoacylation with a nonactivated amino acid as described here is advantageous to RNA world scenarios because initial amino acid activation by an additional reagent (in most cases, ATP) and an additional ribozyme would not be necessary. 相似文献
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Boris Mahltig Jieyang Zhang Linfei Wu Daniel Darko Miriam Wendt Evelyn Lempa Maike Rabe Hajo Haase 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2017,14(1):35-55
The presented review will introduce the use of effect pigments as a powerful tool for the functionalization of textiles. This review starts with a short introduction on the basics of effect pigments and their properties. Subsequently, some principles of effect pigment application onto textiles and the interaction of pigment to binder systems are reported. Different possible functionalizations realized on textiles are presented. Four main types of application are discussed: optical properties, electrical properties, barrier coatings, and antimicrobial applications. Also a view of some prospective anisotropic materials is given. Altogether it is shown that the application of effect pigments can be a powerful tool to realize functional textiles for a broad range of applications in different fields. 相似文献
47.
Natasa Boban Marija Tonkic Danijela Budimir Darko Modun Davorka Sutlovic Volga Punda-Polic Mladen Boban 《Journal of food science》2010,75(5):M322-M326
Abstract: While the antimicrobial effectiveness of wine is well documented, relative contributions of the wine components to its antimicrobial activity is controversial. To separate the role of wine phenolics, ethanol, and pH from other wine constituents, the antimicrobial effects of intact wine were compared to that of phenols-stripped wine, dealcoholized wine, ethanol, and low pH applied separately and in combination, against 2 common foodborne pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli. All samples were biochemically characterized with respect to their total phenolics and resveratrol content, antioxidant capacity, ethanol content, and pH. Antioxidative activity of the samples corresponded to their total phenolics content. Except for respective controls, pH and ethanol content were similar in all samples. The order of antibacterial activity of the samples was: intact wine > phenols-stripped wine > dealcoholized wine > combination of ethanol and low pH > low pH > ethanol. Separate application of ethanol or low pH showed negligible antibacterial activity while their combination showed synergistic effect. Antibacterial activity of the samples could not be related to their total phenolics and resveratrol content, antioxidant capacity, ethanol content, or pH. Our study indicates that antimicrobial activity of complex solutions such as intact wine cannot be exclusively attributed to its phenolic or nonphenolic constituents, nor can the antimicrobial activity of wine be predicted on the basis of its particular components. 相似文献
48.
This article presents an agent‐based fuzzy cognitive map (ABFCM) developed injecting the concept of multi‐agent system (MAS) into the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM). Fuzzy cognitive map is used for qualitative modeling and simulation. Compared to the FCM, the ABFCM enables different inference algorithms in each node enabling simulation of systems with diverse behavior concepts. Each map node can exhibit individual, more or less intelligent, behavior and still can interact with other nodes to conclude on system behavior. Resulting method also enables automatic results interpretation adding additional intelligence to a classic FCM. Explanation of the obtained system architecture with FCM and MAS integration is presented in the article. The experimental results in the article are obtained with the ABFCM prototype, developed on the basis of ABFCM structure given in the article. Multi‐agent technology can bring new properties into existing fields and methods, like in the ABFCM case. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
49.
In this paper we show how to use two‐colored pixels as a generic tool for image processing. We apply two‐colored pixels as a basic operator as well as a supporting data structure for several image processing applications. Traditionally, images are represented by a regular grid of square pixels with one constant color each. In the two‐colored pixel representation, we reduce the image resolution and replace blocks of N × N pixels by one square that is split by a (feature) line into two regions with constant colors. We show how the conversion of standard mono‐colored pixel images into two‐colored pixel images can be computed efficiently by applying a hierarchical algorithm along with a CUDA‐based implementation. Two‐colored pixels overcome some of the limitations that classical pixel representations have, and their feature lines provide minimal geometric information about the underlying image region that can be effectively exploited for a number of applications. We show how to use two‐colored pixels as an interactive brush tool, achieving realtime performance for image abstraction and non‐photorealistic filtering. Additionally, we propose a realtime solution for image retargeting, defined as a linear minimization problem on a regular or even adaptive two‐colored pixel image. The concept of two‐colored pixels can be easily extended to a video volume, and we demonstrate this for the example of video retargeting. 相似文献
50.
Modeling, identification, and validation of models for predictive ammonia control in a wastewater treatment plant--a case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this work is to develop the ammonia models that could be used for model predictive control (MPC) of nitrification process in a wastewater treatment plant. First, a reduced nonlinear model is presented, which is based on expression for nitrification reaction rate in activated sludge model No. 1 and modified for attached biomass processes, while second, a linear black-box model is shown. The data used for model identification were collected during several weeks of experiments on a real plant so that good identification data were obtained. The designed models were validated based on open loop simulations and predictions. Validation results show that the reduced nonlinear model performs better compared to the linear model, however, both models show relatively large errors compared to the real plant data. Hence, a closed loop simulation study was performed to see the differences between the performance of model predictive controller using previously estimated linear and nonlinear models and a standard proportional integral (PI) controller. From the simulation study results it was seen that in spite of relatively large model errors the MPC algorithms give better results in terms of ammonia removal compared to the PI controller, while MPC with the nonlinear model shows additional improvements over the MPC with the linear model. 相似文献