Antimicrobial activity of nobiletin and tangeretin against Pseudomonas

The inhibitory activities of two polymethoxylated flavone (PMFs) monomers (nobiletin and tangeretin) have been investigated against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosain vitro. The effects on cell morphology, the release of cell constituents, the synthesis of proteins and the activities of key dehydrogenase were examined to elucidate their antibacterial mechanism. The concentration of transaminase and reducing sugar in bacterial solutions increased significantly when treated with nobiletin and tangeretin. Electron microscopy showed that the structure of the bacterial cells was destroyed and accompanied with induced cells plasmolysis. Nobiletin and tangeretin also inhibited the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and reduced proteins synthesis in bacterial cells. It is proposed that nobiletin and tangeretin destroyed the permeability of the cell membrane, with release of the cell constituents, leading to metabolic dysfunction, inhibition of protein synthesis, and eventually to cell pyknosis and death.     

离子对κ-卡拉胶/刺槐豆胶相互作用的影响研究

采用剪切黏度、动态黏弹模量、石英晶体微天平等技术研究了离子种类及混合条件对κ-卡拉胶/刺槐豆胶相互作用的影响。结果表明,K+可促进两者的相互作用,而Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+则对两者相互作用没有明显影响。K+对κ-卡拉胶/刺槐豆胶相互作用的促进存在阶段性,即0~25mmol/L时促进效果逐渐增加,达到30 mmol/L时促进效果减弱,继续增加K+浓度则会进一步促进κ-卡拉胶/刺槐豆胶的相互作用。在固定K+浓度时,卡拉胶和刺槐豆胶质量比为3:7、pH为4.0时有最佳协同效应。这种相互作用与卡拉胶螺旋结构数量变化有关。     

西藏青稞碳、氢、氧、氮同位素在不同生态域中差异性研究

目的研究青稞中稳定同位素在不同生态域的差异性。方法 2016年在西藏不同生态域种植不同基因型的青稞品种,利用同位素质谱仪测定不同生态域的青稞样品的稳定碳、氢、氧、氮同位素,结合Kolmogorov-Smirnov和Levene统计量分别检验所有数据的正态性和方差同质性,满足方差齐性时采用LSD多重比较,不满足方差齐性时采用Games-Howell多重比较法进行分析,解析不同生态域青稞样品中稳定碳、氢、氧、氮同位素。结果不同区域种植的青稞δ~(13)C值、δ~(15)N值、δ~(18)O值和δD值差异均极其显著(P0.01)。结论稳定碳、氢、氧、氮同位素指纹可用于青稞的产地溯源,可以进一步研究青稞中多元素组成特征及其用于青稞产地溯源的可行性。     

复合界面对食品乳液中脂肪消化的影响

以中链甘油三酯为油相制备乳液,将天然高分子与小分子表面活性剂复配,构建阿拉伯胶（gum arabic,GA）或乳清分离蛋白（whey protein isolate,WPI）与吐温80（T80）的复合乳液界面。采用逐层添加或混合添加的方式,调控界面组分的吸附次序,构建不同界面结构的乳液体系。采用体外模拟小肠消化模型和界面流变技术等手段剖析乳液界面结构对脂肪消化速率的影响。结果表明：对于GA、WPI和T80形成的单一乳液体系,GA和WPI的界面弹性模量高于T80界面,黏弹性好。三者抗胆盐取代和延缓脂肪消化能力依次为GA＜WPI＜T80。在大分子GA或WPI与小分子T80形成的复合乳液体系中,由T80吸附占主导的界面,其延缓脂肪消化和界面抗胆盐取代的能力优于GA或WPI与T80共同吸附的界面结构。     

高产γ-氨基丁酸的双歧杆菌的筛选及对抑郁细胞模型的改善作用

为了筛选出具有缓解抑郁作用的菌株,本研究以94株双歧杆菌为研究对象,以胆盐水解酶活性、抗生素耐性、抗逆性、粘附性作为益生菌评价的基本指标;以高产γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)作为潜在抗抑郁症菌株的筛选指标;最后通过体外抑郁细胞模型试验,研究菌株对抑郁细胞模型的改善作用,进而评价菌株改善抑郁的潜力。结果显示:13株双歧杆菌的胆盐水解酶活性较高,且都不具有种属特异性耐性之外的抗生素耐性。耐酸耐胆盐实验证明:双歧杆菌ZT3、84和95都具有较高的抗逆性能;粘附结果表明:双歧杆菌91、92、95和98具有较强的粘附能力,粘附能力分别为:19.34、33.77、23.23、20.46 CFU/Cell。13株双歧杆菌产GABA能力检测结果显示,双歧杆菌98和95的GABA的产量较高,分别为285.0和232.8 mg/L。抑郁细胞模型试验结果显示:高、中、低剂量高产GABA的双歧杆菌98都具有缓解CORT诱导的细胞损伤的能力,而只有高剂量的双岐杆菌95可以缓解CORT诱导的细胞损伤。由于双歧杆菌98、95具有安全的抗生素耐受范围,较高的酸、胆盐耐受性和粘附能力以及高产GABA和缓解细胞模型损伤的能力,因此,其可以作为潜在的改善抑郁症状的菌株。     

Impact of surfactants on the lipase digestibility of gum arabic-stabilized O/W emulsions

The bioavailability of lipids from an emulsion can be controlled and regulated by the property of the stabilizing interfacial layer. Here we evaluate how low-molecular weight surfactants including hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Tween 80 (T80) influence the interfacial behavior of lipase and bile extract on the surface of lipid droplets stabilized with gum arabic (GA). The lipolysis behavior was influenced by surfactant type and concentration. The results showed that anionic SDS could completely displace GA from droplet surface. Cationic CTAB might either adsorb onto existing GA layers or displace GA, whereas non-ionic T80 could co-adsorb with GA on the interface. When the concentration of surfactants was much higher than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), all the surfactants would form a dense adsorption layer on the droplet interface to prevent lipase from the direct contact with lipids. A considerable amount of surfactant in the aqueous phase may also compete with the bile salt and lipase, thus leading to suppressed digestion of lipids. Ionic surfactants would denature the lipase resulting in reduced enzyme activity, and T80 micelles may interact with the lipase, hindering their adsorption onto the droplet interface as well. These results were confirmed both by the digestion model and interfacial techniques. The results provided guidance for the development of emulsion-based delivery systems for functional lipid foods.     

拉萨地区牦牛屠宰过程中的微生物污染

为探明拉萨地区牦牛胴体屠宰过程中的微生物污染程度,明确微生物关键控制点,对拉萨地区某具有代表 性的规范屠宰企业屠宰前车间空气中的微生物、各屠宰工艺环节牦牛胴体表面以及人员用具的菌落总数和大肠菌群 数量进行测定。结果表明：屠宰前车间微生物污染严重;随着剥皮和去内脏工艺的进行,牦牛胴体的菌落总数和大 肠菌群数量显著增加;斧劈四分体后胴体的菌落总数和大肠菌群数量均显著高于剥皮和去内脏后;牦牛屠宰过程中 微生物的主要来源是垫板和斧头。     

中链甘油三酯/玉米醇溶蛋白核壳结构微胶囊载体的构建及表征

以中链甘油三酯（medium-chain triglyceride,MCT）为油相内核,以玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）为外壳主要成分,低剪切条件下反溶剂法制备大粒径核壳结构的MCT/Zein微胶囊微米载体。通过考察微胶囊载体的宏观形态、微观形态及粒径分布,优化得到微胶囊载体的最佳制备工艺为质量分数0.5%的阿拉伯胶（gum arabic,GA）作为乳化剂、乳化速率800?r/min、Zein沉淀溶液为“30?mL水＋100?mL?GA溶液”、Zein沉淀溶液加入速率6?mL/min,并采用扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、激光粒度分析仪表征冻干MCT/Zein微胶囊载体的结构特征和粒径特性,结果表明该法制备的微胶囊载体具有典型的核壳结构,粒径均一、稳定性良好。本实验建立MCT/Zein核壳结构微胶囊的反溶剂制备法,该法简单易行,适用于多种油溶性活性组分的包埋和保护研究。     

可降胆固醇的优势乳杆菌筛选

为丰富降胆固醇、降血糖的益生菌资源,以实验室10株潜力益生菌株为实验对象,进行体外降胆固醇能力、胆盐水解酶(BSH)活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率试验,测定菌株对人工胃液和胆盐的耐受性,评价优势菌株的细胞黏附性能及对抗生素的耐药安全性能。结果表明,植物乳杆菌LH-511、植物乳杆菌10-12、植物乳杆菌10-4对胆固醇的降解率在50%以上,显著高于商业菌株植物乳杆菌299V(p<0.05)。植物乳杆菌10-12、植物乳杆菌SD-H9对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率高达41.7%、40.1%。植物乳杆菌LH-511、植物乳杆菌10-12、植物乳杆菌10-4、植物乳杆菌10-14、卷曲乳杆菌OF48-2pH5这5株菌具有较好的BSH活力、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制性、抗逆性以及对HT-29细胞的黏附能力。但仅植物乳杆菌LH-511和卷曲乳杆菌OF48-2pH5通过了10种抗生素的安全性试验。综上所述,植物乳杆菌LH-511和卷曲乳杆菌OF48-2pH5具有较好的降胆固醇、降血糖潜力,且通过了抗逆性、黏附性、安全性试验,可用于进一步的开发和应用。     

Design and dimension optimization of cutter disassembly mechanism for shield tunneling machine

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - This study focuses on configuration and dimension optimization of cutter disassembly mechanism. Firstly, a cutter disassembly mechanism configuration...