全文获取类型
收费全文 | 378960篇 |
免费 | 3647篇 |
国内免费 | 599篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 6401篇 |
综合类 | 371篇 |
化学工业 | 60871篇 |
金属工艺 | 16861篇 |
机械仪表 | 11897篇 |
建筑科学 | 7982篇 |
矿业工程 | 2946篇 |
能源动力 | 7450篇 |
轻工业 | 31846篇 |
水利工程 | 4754篇 |
石油天然气 | 11930篇 |
武器工业 | 42篇 |
无线电 | 36614篇 |
一般工业技术 | 76235篇 |
冶金工业 | 68744篇 |
原子能技术 | 11280篇 |
自动化技术 | 26982篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 3256篇 |
2019年 | 3189篇 |
2018年 | 5683篇 |
2017年 | 5751篇 |
2016年 | 6151篇 |
2015年 | 3554篇 |
2014年 | 6173篇 |
2013年 | 15325篇 |
2012年 | 9486篇 |
2011年 | 12516篇 |
2010年 | 10041篇 |
2009年 | 11118篇 |
2008年 | 11528篇 |
2007年 | 11645篇 |
2006年 | 10163篇 |
2005年 | 9120篇 |
2004年 | 8688篇 |
2003年 | 8462篇 |
2002年 | 8517篇 |
2001年 | 8421篇 |
2000年 | 8128篇 |
1999年 | 7956篇 |
1998年 | 18567篇 |
1997年 | 13268篇 |
1996年 | 10146篇 |
1995年 | 7847篇 |
1994年 | 7003篇 |
1993年 | 6981篇 |
1992年 | 5521篇 |
1991年 | 5299篇 |
1990年 | 5604篇 |
1989年 | 5398篇 |
1988年 | 5221篇 |
1987年 | 4716篇 |
1986年 | 4826篇 |
1985年 | 5295篇 |
1984年 | 5049篇 |
1983年 | 4693篇 |
1982年 | 4414篇 |
1981年 | 4626篇 |
1980年 | 4418篇 |
1979年 | 4520篇 |
1978年 | 4671篇 |
1977年 | 4957篇 |
1976年 | 6433篇 |
1975年 | 4225篇 |
1974年 | 4161篇 |
1973年 | 4292篇 |
1972年 | 3772篇 |
1971年 | 3439篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
S.H. Tantawi I.Z.Selim 《材料科学技术学报》1996,12(2):95-99
The use of a natural white juice, taken from magrabe banana stem, as concrete admixture to improve mechanical and physicrvchemical properties of concrete has been studied. The compressive strength, bulk density the free lime liberated during hydration and the combined water content were determined. The results indicate that the admixture acts as a retarder in most cases and as accelerator in some ones. Also, the admixture effect on the corrosion resistance of the reinforcing steel against surrounding aggressive media has been investigated using galvanostatic polarization technique. The addition of 0.2% admixture leads to the more inhibition of the steel 相似文献
992.
E Donnadieu A Trautmann M Malissen J Trucy B Malissen E Vivier 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,269(52):32828-32834
The integrity of the T cell receptor complex (CD3-TCR) transduction machinery is central to T cell development and to T cell effector function. Molecular dissection of the multimeric CD3-TCR complex revealed that at least two associated polypeptides, CD3 zeta and CD3 epsilon, autonomously couple antigenic recognition event to early and late events of the intracytoplasmic activation cascade. A 18-amino acid motif based on a tandem YXXL stretch, the activation receptor homology sequence 1 (ARH-1) motif, is necessary and sufficient to the transducing properties of both CD3 zeta and CD3 epsilon. Stimulation of chimeric molecules made of ecto- and transmembrane domains of various cell surface proteins and intracytoplasmic domains of CD3 epsilon or CD3 zeta leads to an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in Jurkat cells. We describe here that a similar CD25/zeta chimeric molecule was unable to induce a detectable [Ca2+]i rise upon CD25 cross-linking once expressed in the murine thymoma BW-. A Ca2+ influx could, however, be triggered in BW- cells by thapsigargin, i.e. following depletion of Ca2+ stores. Somatic cell hybrids made from BW- and either thymocytes or mature lymph node T cells reconstituted the coupling of CD3 zeta to the Ca2+ signal via an ARH-1 motif-dependent pathway. However, pervanadate-induced Ca2+ mobilization, a phenomenon attributed to tyrosine phosphorylation, was impaired in BW-cells and reconstituted in hybridomas. In contrast to the Ca2+ response, IL-2 production was induced in both BW- and hybrids cells, which questions the functional relevance of [Ca2+]i augmentation in T cell activation. In conclusion, the properties of the BW- thymoma, which define a novel group of CD3 zeta transduction cell mutants, as well as its complementation by somatic cell fusion demonstrate that this cell line represents a useful model to dissect the signaling pathway that couples CD3 zeta to Ca2+ mobilization by genetic reconstitution. 相似文献
993.
994.
Y Takayama M Sugishita T Kido M Ogawa H Fukuyama I Akiguchi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,57(5):652-654
A right-handed patient with a haematoma in the left pulvinar showed impaired stereoacuity. In contrast with previous reports, he did not show peripheral visual extinction or prolonged reaction times for targets on the side contralateral to the lesion. 相似文献
995.
Dmitri E. Nikonov George I. Bourianoff Paolo A. Gargini 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2006,19(6):497-513
Quantum limits of power dissipation in spintronic computing are estimated. A computing element composed of a single electron
in a quantum dot is considered. Dynamics of its spin due to external magnetic field and interaction with adjacent dots are
described via the Bloch equations. Spin relaxation due to magnetic noise from various sources is described as coupling to
a reservoir. Resulting dissipation of energy is calculated and is shown to be much less than the thermal limit, ∼kT per bit,
if the rate of spin relaxation is much slower than the switching rate. Clues on how to engineer an energy efficient spintronic
device are provided. 相似文献
996.
P. Perugini M. Vettor R. Tursilli† S. Scalia† I. Genta T. Modena F. Pavanetto B. Conti 《International journal of cosmetic science》2006,28(2):148-149
Due to the reduction of the ozone layer, there is an increasing need of effective UV protection systems with minimized side-effects. Trans-2-ethylhexyl- p -methoxycinnamate ( trans -EHMC) represents one of the most widely used sunscreen compound. Several studies demonstrated that trans -EHMC is unstable following UV irradiation both in solution and in emulsion formulations. Moreover, various reports of photocontact sensitization induced by trans -EHMC have appeared in the literature. Consequently, in order to ensure adequate efficacy and safety for this sunscreen agent, there is a need for new carrier systems to enhance trans -EHMC photostability. In the present study the photostability of the filter in different formulation types (emulsion–gel, gel and emulsion) with various ingredients is evaluated. In addition, nanoparticles based on poly- D , L -lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) as carrier for trans -EHMC are investigated. The influence of nanoparticle matrix on the photochemical stability of the sunscreen agent is also presented. The results obtained demonstrated that PLGA nanoparticles are effective in reducing the light-induced degradation of the sunscreen agent. Moreover, the choice of formulation type and the excipients used play an important role in order to obtain a stable cosmetic product containing trans -EHMC. 相似文献
997.
D.A. van Beek K.L. Man M.A. Reniers J.E. Rooda R.R.H. Schiffelers 《The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming》2006,68(1-2):129
The hybrid χ (Chi) formalism integrates concepts from dynamics and control theory with concepts from computer science, in particular from process algebra and hybrid automata. It integrates ease of modeling with a straightforward, structured operational semantics. Its ‘consistent equation semantics’ enforces state changes to be consistent with delay predicates, that combine the invariant and flow clauses of hybrid automata. Ease of modeling is ensured by means of the following concepts: (1) different classes of variables: discrete and continuous, of subclass jumping or non-jumping, and algebraic; (2) strong time determinism of alternative composition in combination with delayable guards; (3) integration of urgent and non-urgent actions; (4) differential algebraic equations as a process term as in mathematics; (5) steady-state initialization; and 6) several user-friendly syntactic extensions. Furthermore, the χ formalism incorporates several concepts for complex system specification: (1) process terms for scoping that integrate abstraction, local variables, local channels and local recursion definitions; (2) process definition and instantiation that enable process re-use, encapsulation, hierarchical and/or modular composition of processes; and (3) different interaction mechanisms: handshake synchronization and synchronous communication that allow interaction between processes without sharing variables, and shared variables that enable modular composition of continuous-time or hybrid processes. The syntax and semantics are illustrated using several examples. 相似文献
998.
Alistair I. Miller Sam Suppiah Romney B. Duffey 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2006,236(14-16):1657-1667
We show the massive reduction achievable, in both emissions and climate change impact, from enhanced nuclear energy use on the forecasts of future world energy use and its associated environmental impacts. A range encompassing the major scenarios for the World's energy demand have been analyzed using the latest version of the climate-modeling MAGICC/SCENGEN software (Version 4.1). We have updated and predicted the impacts of 80% substitution with CO2-free sources (likely predominantly nuclear) for coal-fired electricity (by 2030) and for transportation fuel (by 2040). For transportation, hydrogen produced by CO2-free sources would replace gasoline and diesel fuels. In this paper, to bracket the range of futures, we simply focus on two scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC), one (A1FI) that is energy-profligate and one (B2) that is energy-conserving.The results show that, interestingly, projected average global temperatures for all scenarios are fairly similar until about 2035 (a further rise beyond the 1990 average temperature of +0.75 ± 0.1 K) regardless of energy usage and its sources. However, by 2050, the different IPCC scenarios diverge markedly. Understandably, A1FI is projected to have noticeably stronger effects than B2 on average global temperatures (about 0.3 K more in 2050) but the effect is much stronger over land at mid and high latitudes (up to almost 1 K more). What is most striking is that the substitution of CO2-free sources gives projected average temperature rises in 2050 over key land areas (North America and China) that are very similar for the two energy-use scenarios—typically 1–1.5 K because A1FI's additional energy is predominantly supplied by nuclear. In contrast, projected rises with the unaltered cases are markedly different being about 2.5 K for A1FI and 1.5–2 K for B2. The projected changes in rainfall distribution show similar patterns, especially for the expected increases in higher latitudes.With the assumption of no additional policies for substitution of energy sources beyond 2040, temperature divergence between the two scenarios of relative energy profligacy or conservation grows in the latter half of the 21st century, even with substitution. However, the early substitution of nuclear energy and hydrogen appears to buy time and is not crucially dependent on severe, near-term curtailment of energy use. Near-term curtailment is too difficult to implement at a time of rapid industrialization of major emerging economies. Of course, proportionately larger deployments of CO2-free energy sources are needed for more energy-intensive scenarios.Nuclear power must dominate as the source of CO2-free energy since it is proven, dependable, available on a large scale, and economic. Social objections to nuclear energy in some countries and quarters are seen as well-meaning but misguided distractions from solving the energy and environmental crises that are now facing world sustainability. The time for real technical, social and political action is now. 相似文献
999.
Customers are sensitive to the flavour of water. Customers evaluate drinking water based on their expectations, on experiences with their usual drinking water and on experiences with alternative waters. The Philadelphia Water Department provides one example of success in developing a better understanding of customer perceptions and attitudes about tap water taste and odour. Philadelphia found that customers do communicate in ways that water utilities can understand. Water utilities can enhance that communication and collect useful data. In addition, water utilities can characterise their tap water flavour, track it for changes and correlate changes to customer complaints. 相似文献
1000.
S J Chung S Balaji M Matheswaran T Ramesh I S Moon 《Water science and technology》2007,55(1-2):261-266
This study investigates the hybrid mediated electrochemical oxidation (HMEO) technology, which is a newly developed non thermal electrochemical oxidation process for organic destruction. A combination of ozone and ultrasonication processes to the mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process is termed as hybrid mediated electrochemical oxidation. The electrochemical cell was developed in this laboratory. In the present study, several organic compounds, such as phenol, benzoquinone and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were chosen as the model organic pollutants to be destructed by the hybrid process. The organic destruction was monitored based on the CO2 generation and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. The HMEO process was found to be extremely effective in the destruction of all the target organics chosen in this study. The information obtained from this study will provide an insight in adopting this technique for dealing with more recalcitrant organics (POPs). 相似文献