(NH4)2SO4-CuSO4-CTMAB-湿法磷酸体系浮选分离碘(I-)的研究

研究了硫酸铵-硫酸铜-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-湿法磷酸体系浮选碘(I-)的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件。试验表明,在1.0g(NH4)2SO4存在下,体系中硫酸铜和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)的用量分别为(2.4×10-2mol/L)0.5ml和0.025g,I-与Cu(Ⅱ)形成的CuI沉淀能被CTMAB浮选,而其它非金属离子不被浮选,从而实现碘(I-)与这些离子之间的定量分离。本法对湿法磷酸中微量碘进行了定量浮选分离,结果满意。     

Preparation and characterization of a PMMA/Ce(OH)3, Pr2O3/graphite nanosheet composite

An easy process for the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/graphite nanosheet (PMMA/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/NanoG) composite was developed. Graphite nanosheets (NanoG) were prepared by treating the expanded graphite with sonication in aqueous alcohol solution. The PMMA/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/NanoG composites were prepared via in situ polymerization of MMA monomer in the presence of graphite nanosheets and Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃ through reverse micelle template, in which the methyl methacrylate was designated as the oily phase. The composites were then dispersed with chloroform and coated on glass slides to form films. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure and dispersion of the graphite nanosheets and the composites. The results showed that the high-aspect-ratio structure of the nanosheets played an important role in forming a conducting network in the PMMA matrix. From thermogravimetric analysis, the introduction of graphite nanosheets and inorganic nanopartices exhibited a beneficial effect on the thermal stability of PMMA.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of new blue‐light‐emitting polyconjugated poly{1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐diyl‐[1‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)]vinylene} polymers and copolymers

Three new soluble polyconjugated polymers, all of which emitted blue light in photoluminescence and electroluminescence, were synthesized, and their luminescence properties were studied. The polymers were poly{1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐diyl‐[1‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)]vinylene}, poly((9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl)‐alt‐{1,4‐phenylene‐[1‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)vinylene‐1,4‐phenylene]}) [P(DOF‐PVP)], and poly([N‐(2‐ethyl) hexylcarbazole‐3,6‐diyl]‐alt‐{1,4‐phenylene‐[1‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)]vinylene‐1,4‐phenylene}). The last two polymers had alternating sequences of the two structural units. Among the three polymers, P(DOF‐PVP) performed best in the light‐emitting diode devices of indium–tin oxide/poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (30 nm)/polymer (150 nm)/Li:Al (100 nm). This might have been correlated with the balance in and magnitude of the mobility of the charge carriers, that is, positive holes and electrons, and also the electronic structure, that is, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels, of the polymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 307–317, 2006     

秋季太湖叶绿素a浓度荧光反演研究

基于2007年11~12月太湖全湖实测水质参数和光谱数据,首先利用高斯方程对遥感反射率进行过滤分解,找出叶绿素a(chl\|a)吸收峰675 nm以后的荧光反射峰(Fluorescence Peak:FP),再以662 nm处的反射率为基准,采用归一化荧光高度法进行叶绿素a浓度(C chl-a)反演,得到chl-a反演模型。基于高斯分解获取的chl-a的荧光反射峰值R(FP)与662 nm处的反射率R (662)比值［R(FP)/R(662)］与C chl-a之间存在显著的相关性,该模型为秋季太湖水体C chl-a的最佳反演模型。在高悬浮泥沙条件下,该模型能够较好地表示出叶绿素荧光高度与叶绿素浓度之间的关系,为C chl-a反演提供新的方法和依据,并为传感器敏感波段的选取和设置提供参考。     

Effect of time/temperature treatment parameters on depolymerization of chitosan

Depolymerization of the biopolymer chitosan by an autoclaving process at 121°C and 15 psi was investigated using various treatments. Acetic acid was found to be the most effective solvent in decreasing chitosan viscosity among the six organic acids tested. The rate of viscosity decrease increased with increasing chitosan concentration. The viscosity of 1% chitosan in 1% acetic acid decreased rapidly to 91% of the initial viscosity following the initial 15 min of autoclaving. This decreased gradually to 93% and 94% in 30 and 60 min, respectively, without being adversely affected by the chitosan solution volume. The degree of deacetylation was comparable before and after autoclaving for 60 min. Chitosan at three molecular weights (M_r = 1597, 1110, and 789 kDa) decreased in molecular weight by 46%–51% in the 15‐min treatment, 55%–60% in the 30‐min treatment, and 60%–62% in the 60‐min treatment. The addition of 0.1%–1.0% (v/v) concentrations of hydrogen peroxide to the chitosan solution autoclaved for 15 min decreased viscosity by 94%–98% and molecular weight by 69%–83%. This process is a simple, timesaving, homogeneous depolymerization procedure, and it is possible to prepare partially hydrolyzed chitosan with specified molecular weights by regulating the time of treatment. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1890–1894, 2003     

基于优化支持向量机的人脸表情分类

分析了支持向量机（support vector machine, SVM）目前主要存在的问题和参数选择对分类性能的影响后, 提出了以改进粒子群算法优化SVM关键参数的优化SVM算法。将加入拥挤度因子的微粒群算法引入到SVM中, 在不牺牲泛化性能的前提下, 对其参数进行优化, 增加了SVM初始化参数的多样性, 减慢了局部搜索, 促进其在全局范围内的寻优搜索, 以有效克服SVM算法过分依赖初始值和容易陷入局部极小值的缺点, 并利用由粗到精的策略构造多层SVM人脸表情分类器, 在提高准确率的基础上加快分类的速度。实验证明, 新算法具有速度快、准确率高的优点。     

Novel method for preparation of quaternary ammonium ionomer from epoxidized styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer and its use as compatibilizer for blending of styrene–butadiene–styrene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene

A novel method for the preparation of a quaternary ammonium ionomer of styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was developed by a ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized SBS with triethylamine hydrochloride in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The optimum conditions were studied. The ionomer was characterized by quantitative analysis, IR spectroscopy, and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. Its water absorbency, oil absorbency, dilute solution viscosity, and use as a compatibilizer for the blending of SBS and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) were investigated. The results showed that, under optimum conditions, the epoxy groups can be completely converted to the quaternary ammonium groups. The IR spectrum did not exhibit the absorption peak for quaternary ammonium groups, whereas the ¹H‐NMR spectrum and titration method demonstrated it. With increasing ionic group content, the water absorbency of the ionomer increased whereas its oil absorbency decreased. These indicated the amphiphilic character of the SBS ionomer. The dilute solution viscosity of the ionomer in toluene/methanol (9/1) solvent increased with increasing quaternary ammonium group content. The ionomer was used as a compatibilizer for the blends of SBS and CSPE. The addition of a small amount of the ionomer to the blend enhanced the mechanical properties of the blends: 2 wt % ionomer based on the blend increased the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of the blend nearly 2 times. The blends of equal parts SBS and CSPE behaved as oil‐resistant thermoplastic elastomers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1975–1980, 2006     

硫化物在纳米HZSM-5催化剂上催化转化性能及机理研究

研究了催化裂化（FCC）汽油中硫化物类型和含量，特别考察了各种硫化物在纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的催化转化性能，并探讨了硫化物的加氢脱硫转化机理。结果表明FCC汽油中硫化物主要为硫醇、噻吩、烷基取代噻吩和苯并噻吩等，其中，烷基取代噻吩占总硫化物的65％-73％。在纳米HZSM-5催化剂作用下，FCC汽油的硫化物都较易被脱除。烷基取代噻吩脱硫机理一方面含有直接加氢脱硫反应路线，另一方面含有裂解反应、烷基化反应和异构化反应路线。     

石英陶瓷材料的增强方法

综述了石英陶瓷材料增强的主要方法，内容涉及表面涂层增强、短纤维增强、三维石英纤维编织体增强、单向排列碳纤维增强、石墨颗粒弥散增韧及有机硅树脂增强，并且介绍了这些材料的主要力学性能及用途。     

碳酸丙烯酯脱碳装置技术改造小结

在碳丙脱碳装置中增加了贫液氨冷器 ,改造了碳丙泵 ,增设了变换气氨冷器 ,从而提高了碳丙脱碳装置的吸收和再生效果