Possible use of methylbenzenes as electrolyte additives for improving the overcharge tolerances of Li-ion batteries

Based on the voltammetric behaviour of a series of methyl-substituted benzenes in 1M LiPF₆/EC-DMC electrolyte, xylene was selected and tested as an electrolyte additive for overcharge protection of Li-ion batteries. From the overcharge curves, CV behaviour and SEM observations of the cells in the presence of xylene, it was found that the additive can polymerize at the overcharged voltage to form a dense layer of isolating polymer film at the cathode surface, which blocks off further oxidation of the electroactive material and electrolyte and, therefore, improves the overcharge tolerance of the Li-ion battery. In addition, the xylene additive has shown only a slight influence on the cycling behaviour.     

反应挤出法制备马来酸酐接枝POE

采用双螺杆挤出机反应挤出制备马来酸酐接枝乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)。通过红外光谱分析(FTIR)、化学滴定等方法,揭示MAH过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)及供电子体(EDS)对接枝物的接枝率(GD)、凝胶率、熔体指数(MI)的影响规律。MAH和DCP的加入使MI降低,GD增大;过量的MAH使激发态的MAH猝灭,导致能引发接枝反应的激发态MAH和大分子自由基的数量减少,从而使MI上升及GD下降。在高剪切、短停留时间的挤出机中,EDS会使接枝物的性能恶化。与传统的EPDM-g-MAH增韧尼龙相比,PA/POE-g-MAH复合材料的强度保持相当,而韧性明显提高。     

基于无线传感器网络的土壤墒情监测系统

目前农田监测智能化水平低,管理实时性差,远距离信息传输能力弱、可扩展性不强,且市场上普遍的土壤墒情机一般基于有线连接方式,对于农田监测有一定的局限性,价格昂贵,不适合一般农田的智能化管理。设计了一种土壤监测无线传感网络节点及其远程传输装置,该系统通过PICl8F4520单片机将ARN-100土壤水分传感器、ARN—Tw土壤温度传感器及H311-AS002-T土壤酸碱度传感器采集到的土壤参数处理后,通过ZigBee近距离无线通讯网络以及3G远程无线网络,将数据实时传输给监测终端。测试结果验证了该系统的合理性与实用性,符合现代农业发展方向。     

自适应混合多目标分布估计进化算法

针对多目标分布估计算法全局收敛性较弱的缺陷,提出了一种自适应混合多目标分布估计进化算法。其基本思想是:在多目标分布估计算法中引入全局收敛性较强的差分进化算法,当函数变化率较大时,用分布估计算法产生新种群;当函数变化率较小即算法可能陷入局部收敛时,用差分进化算法产生新种群。理论分析和数值实验结果表明,这种混合算法不仅具有良好的全局收敛性,而且解的分布性和均匀性较没有考虑目标函数变化率的混合多目标分布估计算法也有了一定程度的提高。     

苯和乙烯一步法合成苯乙烯反应研究

首次采用苯和乙烯在无氧存在下, 于多种固体酸和金属负载HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上反应直接得到苯乙烯与其它固体酸相比, HZSM-5分子筛催化剂表现出最高的反应活性和较高的对苯乙烯的选择性。HZSM-5分子筛负载不同金属后, 苯乙烯的选择性均有明显提高, 其中以Co/HZSM-5、Fe/HZSM-5和Pd/HZSM-5催化剂显示出较高的反应活性和苯乙烯选择性。反应温度、苯烯比、金属负载量、液空速、催化剂的焙烧及还原温度均会不同程度地影响反应转化率和产物分布。     

基于改进Hough变换的电梯轿厢内人数统计算法

考虑电梯轿厢内人数的电梯群控调度算法,可以在有限的时间内,找到更优解,对电梯的调度具有重要意义。针对目前基于视觉的人数统计算法正确率不够稳定,速度较慢的问题,提出了一种基于改进Hough变换检测人头轮廓的电梯轿厢内人数统计算法。该算法将标准Hough变换检测圆时的三维空间转换为一维空间,利用圆的几何特性遍历图像数据,通过一维Hough变换进行半径累积,并和阈值进行比较来确定人头轮廓的半径和圆心。结果表明,和用Hough变换检测人头轮廓的传统方法相比,该算法具有速度快,正确率高,抗噪性能好等优点。     

应用静电纺丝法制备PZT纳米纤维薄膜

提出应用静电纺丝法制备PZT纳米纤维薄膜。研究中配制PZT溶液后再进行静电纺丝,获得了PZT纳米纤维薄膜,并且通过调整纺丝时间和沉积次数来控制纳米纤维薄膜的厚度。运用SEM对获得的热处理前后的薄膜进行了观察对比,测量其平均直径约为200 nm;运用XRD对退火后的样品进行分析,测得样品的主要成分为Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3,证明所制备的正是PZT薄膜;运用AFM测得薄膜的表面粗糙度为1.034 nm,说明该纳米薄膜材料非常的均匀整齐。     

Preparation,characterization, and adsorption properties for metal ions of a novel chelating resin containing sulfoxide and diethylene glycol

A novel chelating resin containing sulfoxide and diethylene glycol, poly{4‐vinylbenzyl‐[2‐2‐(hydroxyethyl)ethoxyl]sulfoxide} (PVESO) was synthesized using chloromethylated polystyrene (PS‐Cl) as material. Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacities of the resin for Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Pb²⁺ at various pH values were determined. The maximum adsorption capacities for Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ were 1.56 and 0.75 mmol g^?1 respectively. The resin had high selectivity for Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ over the pH range 1.0–7.0. The adsorption capacities for Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ under competitive condition were also determined by batch experiment method. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of the resin towards Hg²⁺ at different temperatures was also investigated. The results showed that the adsorption rate was governed by film diffusion at 20°C and 25°C, by particle diffusion at 30°C and 35°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 6054–6059, 2006     

Study on the structure and properties of cyanate ester/bentonite nanocomposites

Cyanate ester (CE)/bentonite (BT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending of CE with NH₄⁺‐BT. The nanostructure of CE/BT nanocomposites was studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that partially intercalated and partially exfoliated structures coexisted in CE/BT nanocomposites containing 2.5 wt % BT with respect to that of bulk CE. Below 2.5 wt % BT content, a totally exfoliated and disordered structure was formed in the nanocomposites. The exfoliated BT enhanced the toughness of CE/BT nanocomposites. The impact strength showed a maximum of 7.1kJ/m² at 1 wt % BT, compared to 3.8kJ/m² of pure CE. Furthermore, results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggest that CE/BT nanocomposites have higher thermal stability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 632–637, 2005     

六维腕力传感器非线性正解耦方法设计

多维力传感器利用其多个转换单元完成测量加载于其结构上未知负载的作用效果,解耦是其设计的重要组成部分。针对传统静态线性解耦方法的不足,试图将传统线性解耦方程扩展为多项式结构,受其多元高次方式通解形式的启发,构造了一种多项式非线性静态正解耦方程,该方法无需传统线性解耦方法中的曲线拟合、逆解,不依赖以系统是线性为前提,且方程可以扩展成任意结构的多项式。实验结果表明:该方法能降低输出耦合误差。