Natural Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Components for One-Step 3D Printing Tough Hydrogels

Natural polysaccharides (NPS) are regarded as biomolecular and structural components for preparing high-performance tough hydrogels. But the one-step fabrication of NPS-containing hydrogels in seconds and the template-free design of complicated high-resolution structures are still significant challenges in this field. To meet these requirements, various NPS-containing tough hydrogels are fabricated and processed into 2D/3D structures via the combination of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-mediated photochemistry and extrusion 3D printing technique. The whole fabrication process is one-step, completed in tens of seconds under visible light irradiation. It is found that the used NPS plays a key role in achieving the fabrication of high-performance structured tough hydrogels. The high reactivity of functional groups in the used NPS can shorten their gelation times. Long rigid chains of the used NPS, their hierarchical assemblies, and contrasting multinetworks benefit from the efficient dissipation of mechanical energy and enhancement of its operational stability. Strong supramolecular interactions enable hydrogel precursors to have high viscosities, therefore providing good controllability to design high-resolution and complicated tough hydrogel structures via extrusion 3D printing. It is anticipated that this straightforward fabrication strategy and findings will open new horizons for NPS-containing materials.     

Epitaxial nucleation,modulated structure of molecular aggregation,and enhanced thermal degradation temperature of poly(ethylene adipate): Effects of the naturally occurring uracil as a nucleator

We fabricated a novel bio-composite using the poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA) and naturally occurring uracil (URA), in which the URA with the full biocompatibility and degradability acted as a nucleator (NA). A distinct enhancement was found in the crystallizability, melt-crystallization temperature (T_c), and crystallization rate of the PEA upon incorporation of the URA, an indicative of a good NA of the URA. The underlying nucleation mechanism of the PEA is the epitaxial nucleation, attributed to the extremely good matching between the crystal lattice of the PEA and URA. The H-bond interaction exists between the carbonyl/ester segment of the PEA crystalline phase and URA. With loading of the URA, both the carbonyl and ester fell behind the CH₂ in the segmental reorganization in the crystallization process of the PEA. The PEA/1%URA showed an enhancement in the T_d in the TG measurement (i.e. increased stability in thermal degradation), mainly attributed to the flame retardance effect of the URA.     

Preparation and Bioactivity of Iridium(III) Phenanthroline Complexes with Halide Ions and Pyridine Leaving Groups

A series of half-sandwich structural iridium(III) phenanthroline (Phen) complexes with halide ions (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻) and pyridine leaving groups ([(η⁵-Cp^X)Ir(Phen)Z](PF₆)_n, Cp^x: electron-rich cyclopentadienyl group, Z: leaving group) have been prepared. Target complexes, especially the Cp^xbiph (biphenyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl)-based one, showed favourable anticancer activity against human lung cancer (A549) cells; the best one ( Ir8 ) was almost five times that of cisplatin under the same conditions. Compared with complexes involving halide ion leaving groups, the pyridine-based one did not display hydrolysis but effectively caused lysosomal damage, leading to accumulation in the cytosol, inducing an increase in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and apoptosis; this indicated an anticancer mechanism of oxidation. Additionally, these complexes could bind to serum albumin through a static quenching mechanism. The data highlight the potential value of half-sandwich iridium(III) phenanthroline complexes as anticancer drugs.     

High-efficiency ammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.     

Synthesis of succinic acid-based polyamide through direct solid-state polymerization method: Avoiding cyclization of succinic acid

Succinic acid is an important synthetic monomer but it is difficult to use it as a precursor for synthesizing high molecular weight polyamide, due to its tendency to perform intra-cyclization reaction at high temperature. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, the direct solid-state polymerization (DSSP) method with the initial reactant, nylon salt which was composed of 1, 5-diaminopentane, succinic acid, and terephthalic acid, was applied to synthesize the bio-based copolyamide PA 5T/54. In comparison with the conventional melting polymerization method, the DSSP method can prevent the cyclization reaction of succinic acid effectively due to the lower reacting temperature as well as the restriction effect of the nylon salt. As a result, the product fabricated by DSSP method has higher molecular weight and much lighter color from red to white. Therefore, the DSSP method is advantageous for the synthesis of the polymers or copolymers composed of the succinic acid as the monomer. Furthermore, the polymerization mechanism proposed in this work can serve as a guidance for the design of the molecular structure and control of the polymerization process.     

声发射源定位技术

综述声发射源的定位技术，详细介绍基于声发射信号时差测量的线定位和面定位技术，并分析影响声发射源定位精度的因素。     

模态声发射——声发射信号处理的得力工具

模态声发射是声发射信号处理技术的得力工具。介绍它在声发射源定位、复合材料损伤源识别、疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的声发射监测以及日历损伤声发射评价等工程实践中的应用。     

高温压力管道红外热成像检测技术

建立了大型管道试验装置，并对带有不同几何尺寸内部开孔缺陷的四种不锈钢和20钢管进行了红外热成像检测试验。结果表明，红外热成像技术十分适用于检测高温压力管道内部腐蚀缺陷，检测灵敏度能够满足压力管道安全运行的要求。     

声发射源特征识别的最新方法

介绍多传感器数据融合、时频能量模式分析及分析理论识别声发射源特征的方法，说明基于波形分析的现代信号处理技术是揭示声发射源及信号传播规律的重要手段。     

基于液位控制下的水池(箱)水龄估算方法及优化建议

二次供水安全是供水安全中的重要目标,二次供水水质尤其易在水龄过大的水池(箱)中受到污染,采用液位控制补水的水池(箱)可以有效减小水龄优化水质.现有的液位控制补水下的水池(箱)需借助模型软件来计算其精确的水龄,但是大规模水池(箱)的水龄统计该方法并不适用.文中基于完全混合模型,提出了一种对水池(箱)液位控制模式下的水龄计...