PRINCIPAL FATTY ACIDS OF PHOSPHOLIPID CLASSES OF AN INDIAN FRESH WATER FISH (C. pabda)

Separation, quantitative analysis and fatty acids characterization of different phospholipids of a freshwater fish from India, C. pabda were carried out. Substantial amounts of 20:4n-6, 8:0, 10:0, and C13, C17 fatty acids were detected, in addition to the other fatty acids common in freshwater species. The principal fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. The pattern of fatty acid distribution among phospholipid classes showed general similarities with minor variations.     

Characteristics of electrochemically deposited Nickel-cobalt-tungsten alloy semiconductor diodes

Ternary Ni-Co-W alloy semiconductor diodes were fabricated by the method of electrodeposition and their properties were studied. Determination of barrier height of ternary alloy semiconductor diode from T-V and C-V measurements showed that it was alloy composition dependent and lay between alloy component semiconductor barrier height values.     

Fuzzy clustering of mechanisms

During the course of development of Mechanical Engineering, a large number of mechanisms (that is, linkages to perform various types of tasks) have been conceived and developed. Quite a few atlases and catalogues were prepared by the designers of machines and mechanical systems. However, often it is felt that a clustering technique for handling the list of large number of mechanisms can be very useful, if it is developed based on a scientific principle. In this paper, it has been shown that the concept of fuzzy sets can be conveniently used for this purpose, if an adequate number of properly chosen attributes (also called characteristics) are identified. Using two clustering techniques, the mechanisms have been classified in the present work and in future, it may be extended to develop an expert system, which can automate type synthesis phase of mechanical design. To the best of the authors?? knowledge, this type of clustering of mechanisms has not been attempted before. Thus, this is the first attempt to cluster the mechanisms based on some quantitative measures. It may help the engineers to carry out type synthesis of the mechanisms.     

Stability,controllability and observability of the pulmonary circulatory system via its modified modelling

Pulmonary circulatory system is analytically studied in this paper. Tho existing model of the circulation process is modified by introducing an inertance element in the system determining the right ventricular dynamics. The value of the inertance is estimated by applying control theory. The stability, controllability and observability uf the system having this modified rnodol are studied. It is found that this process is always stable, completely controllable and also observable.     

Combined effect of strength & sheet thickness on fatigue behaviour of resistance spot welded joint

Fatigue performance of spot welded lap shear joint is primarily dependent on weld nugget size, sheet thickness and corresponding joint stiffness. Two automotive steel sheets having higher strength lower thickness and lower strength higher thickness are resistance spot welded with established optimum welding condition. The tensile‐shear strength and fatigue strength of lap shear joint of the two automotive steel sheets are determined and compared. Experimental fatigue life of spot welded lap shear joint of each steel are compared with predicted fatigue lives using different stress intensity factor solutions for kinked crack and spot weld available in literature. Micrographs of fatigue fractured surfaces are examined to understand fracture micro‐mechanisms.     

ADSORPTION OF ACETYLENE,HYDROGEN CHLORIDE AND VINYL CHLORIDE ON ACTIVATED CARBON: KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS,USING A TRANSIENT RESPONSE TECHNIQUE

Adsorption of acetylene, vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride on activated carbon has been investigated using a transient response technique over a temperature range of 25–200°C. Thermodynamics and adsorption parameters have been estimated from the well-known correlations and gas-phase concentration profiles. Physical adsorption and chemisorption have been found distinguishable.     

Realization of Boolean functions with a large number of unspecified states by a single threshold logic element †

A systematic method of testing and realization of Boolean functions with a large number of unspecified states by a single threshold logic element has been presented in this paper. By this method, it is possible to determine many different threshold realizations of the given incomplete function. The method can be applied to switching functions containing any number of variables.     

Correction Factors for Nondestructive Measurement of Residual Volume of Air in Retort Pouches

A destructive and a nondestructive method of estimating residual volume of air in retort pouches were compared. The difference between the volumes of air given by two techniques were found to be significant (P < 0.05) by paired t-test. An indirect calculation method was developed for estimation of internal pressure at neutral buoyancy and when used in conjunction with Archimedes’ Principle and Boyle's Law significantly improved the results. This method of calculating residual air in flexible pouches did not show any significant difference (P > 0.01) when compared to the standard destructive technique. The procedure outlined is easy to use.     

PRINCIPAL FATTY ACIDS OF LIPID CLASSES FROM FRESH WATER FISH (CALLICHROUS PABDA)

The body lipids of a fresh water fish were separated into classes and subclasses. The nonpolar lipid class was separated into seven different subclasses. The fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols, sterol esters and free fatty acids were determined. A substantial amount of C20:4n-6 (AA), typical of tropical water fish, was present. In addition to other fatty acids common in fresh water fish, short-chain saturated fatty acids, namely C8:0, C10:0 and odd-chain fatty acids C13:0, C13:1, C17:0, C17:1 and C19:0 were detected in relatively large proportions. The principal fatty acids were C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3. The patterns of fatty acid distribution within lipid classes showed general similarities.