Microstructure and properties of cement foams prepared by magnesium oxychloride cement

Microstructural features including pore size distribution, cell walls and phase compositions of magnesium oxychloride cement foams (MOCF) with various MgO powders and water mixture ratios were studied. Their influences on compressive strength, water absorption and resistance of MOCF were also discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that moderate and slight excess MgO powders (MgO/MgCl₂ molar ratios from 5.1 to 7) were beneficial to the formation of excellent microstructure of MOCF, but increasing water contents (H₂O/MgO mass ratios from 0.9 to 1.29) might result in opposite conclusions. The microstructure of MOCF produced with moderate and slight excess MgO powders could enhance the compressive strength, while serious excess MgO powders addition (MgO/MgCl₂ molar ratios = 9) would destroy the cell wall structures, and therefore decrease the strength of the system. Although MOCF produced with excess MgO powders could decrease the water absorption, its softening coefficient was lower than that of the material produced with moderate MgO powders. This might be due to the instability of phase 5, the volume expansion and cracking of cell walls as immersed the sample into water.     

聚羧酸助磨剂合成及其性能

利用水泥粉磨过程中的机械力促使水解聚马来酸酐（HPMA）与聚乙二醇单甲醚（MPEG）进行酯化反应形成聚羧酸助磨剂。试验研究了HPMA、MPEG、HPMA与MPEG的混合物、HPMA与MPEG的反应合成物对水泥助磨效果以及对砂浆性能的影响。结果表明,HPMA与MPEG都有一定的助磨性,HPMA与MPEG的混合物和反应合成物具有更佳的助磨性能,且可以改善水泥砂浆的流动性能和显著提高水泥砂浆的早期强度。激光拉曼光谱测试表明HPMA与MPEG的混合物和反应合成物与水泥共同粉磨后吸附在水泥颗粒表面,具有相似的拉曼位移图谱。     

基于表面反应和扩散迁移控制的灰岩单裂隙渗流—溶解模型及其数值模拟

针对碳酸盐类可溶岩地区水电站坝址流场、化学场以及固相介质属性等随时间发生改变,从而对工程安全运行造成不利影响等问题,研究了灰岩地区地下水运移过程中各物理场间的相互作用,分析了影响灰岩溶解速率的两个因素,即表面反应控制和扩散迁移控制。在此基础上,建立了单裂隙中的渗流—溶解耦合模型,并进行数值求解。模拟结果表明,在垂直裂隙延伸方向,其溶蚀锋面为非齐整平面,而是呈似“虫洞”状非均一变化,而沿裂隙延伸方向即自上游侧向下游方向溶蚀程度逐渐减轻;而通过裂隙的流量呈现随时间逐渐增大的趋势,但变幅不大;根据流量求得的等效水力隙宽,其增幅和增长速率均小于实际平均隙宽;同时,化学场中Ca2+浓度的分布与裂隙开度变化具有相似性,不同时刻下上游侧反应速率R均大于下游侧。就反应机制而言,在初期均受表面反应控制,而随反应进行,位于上游补给区部位转为受扩散迁移控制,但在下游位置仍受表面反应控制。     

微波加热法合成蜂窝状堇青石载体Al2O3涂层

采用微波加热法在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷基体表面涂覆多孔Al2O3涂层,研究了制备条件对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷表面Al2O3涂层中Al2O3的质量分数的影响。通过BET、SEM对涂层结构及形貌进行了表征,结果表明,采用微波加热法制备的Al2O3涂层均匀、稳定,具有较大的比表面积、孔容和较高的Al2O3质量分数。     

Valence-induced effects on the electrical properties of NiMn2O4 ceramics with different Ni sources

Spinel-structured NiMn₂O₄ ceramics, with different valence Ni sources, were originally prepared using Ni₂O₃ and NiO as raw materials, and the effects of different valence Ni sources on their electrical properties were first investigated. XRD patterns show that both Ni₂O₃-based and NiO-based NiMn₂O₄ ceramics are single cubic spinel structures. SEM/EDS images indicate that the NiMn₂O₄ ceramics exhibited high density at the experiment-determined sintering temperatures. XPS results and Raman drifts prove that the Ni valence-induced changes in Mn ions at B sites played a significant role in the electrical properties and thermal stability of NiMn₂O₄ ceramics. Compared with NiO-based NiMn₂O₄, the resistivity at 25°C (ρ_25°C) of Ni₂O₃-based NiMn₂O₄ increased dramatically from 3109 to 106958 Ω cm, the thermal constant (B_25/50) increased from 3264 to 4473 K, and the resistance shifts after annealing for 1000 h at 150°C decreased from 0.80% to 0.74%. The investigation of the relationship between the material properties and valence of Ni sources has provided a new and effective way for designing the spinel-structured negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials by modulating the valence of ions at A sites in the raw materials.     

Electro-reduction of Cu2O to Cu in urea/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - Urea/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (urea-EMIC) was developed to electrodeposit Cu from Cu2O at room temperature. Density, viscosity and conductivity of...     

Differences in electrochemical corrosion behaviours between selective laser melted and wrought Ti6Al4V alloys in acid fluoride-containing artificial saliva

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - In this work, the electrochemical corrosion behaviours of selective laser melted (SLMed) and wrought Ti6Al4V alloys in acid fluoride-containing artificial...     

Prestructured MXene fillers with uniform channels to enhance CO2 selective permeation in mixed matrix membranes

The packing pattern of two-dimensional (2D) sheet-like fillers in membranes is relatively random, leading to the unfavorable permeability from tortuous diffusion pathway. A new strategy that using prestructured materials with uniform channels as fillers was proposed. In this work, Ti₃AlC₂ is etched to prepare multilayered MXene (m-MXene), the channels aggregate as a whole unit, ensure the impossibility of ineffective packing compared with traditional individual sheets, largely facilitating the selective permeation. Then, the m-MXene/Poly (amide-6-b-ethylene oxide) (Pebax) MMMs are synthesized. SEM images demonstrate the accordion shaped structure of filler, which is the multi-channels laminates. Furthermore, the results of gas permeation test exhibit enhanced performance of m-MXene/Pebax MMMs. MMM with 0.5 wt.% m-MXene behaved best, CO₂ permeability of 86.22 Barrer as well as CO₂/N₂ selectivity of 104.85, transcending the Robeson upper bound (2008). Having distinct enhancement for CO₂ separation, the m-MXene/Pebax MMMs in this work offer prospective practical applications.     

模具型腔的精密加工

通过分析仿形和NC切削加工的特点，提出了构建一种系统，将两有机地结合起来，以适应模具的精密加工。接着对模具型腔表面研磨及抛光的方法进行分析比较，提出将各种方法加以组合的思路来提高加工效率。     

大直径无心磨金刚石砂轮制作及修整工艺研究

大直径无心磨砂轮（一般指直径D≥500mm，厚度H≥150mm）制造工艺一直是难点，具体表现在制造过程成品率低，性能难以满足要求。本文对大直径无心磨金刚石砂轮的制造工艺进行分析和讨论，提出一套完整可行制造工艺，具体包括：通过采用梯度粒度提高粗糙度，改进工艺配方提高自锐性，对实际制造过程中注意问题进行较全面分析以提高制造成品率，并对大直径无心磨金刚石砂轮热压机常用工艺热压参数热压级功率、吨位、加热板面积等进行讨论，得出合理热压工艺参数；最后，对修整工艺进行研究，大直径无心磨金刚石砂轮对修整要求精度高而且操作困难。笔者在T8365型制动鼓镗床设计全新修整工艺，实际应用证明修整工艺可操作性强，修整精度高。