脱铝超稳Y分子筛负载磷钨酸铯催化水解乙酸甲酯

采用两步浸渍法制备脱铝超稳Y分子筛(DUSY)负载磷钨酸铯(Cs_(2.5)PW)催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2低温吸附-脱附技术(BET)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对催化剂进行表征,并考察了USY脱铝及负载量对DUSY/Cs_(2.5)PW在乙酸甲酯水解反应中催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,以DUSY为载体,Cs_(2.5)PW负载量为10%时,Cs_(2.5)PW高度分散,且保持了原有的Keggin结构,催化剂表现出较高的乙酸甲酯水解反应活性,而以USY为载体的催化剂活性低。在反应温度为328 K下,反应2 h,乙酸甲酯水解率为18.70%。催化剂重复使用6次后,乙酸甲酯水解率为15.56%,表明催化剂具有较好的稳定性。     

Study on synthesis of polyurethane‐epoxy composite emulsion

The stable polyurethane‐epoxy composite emulsion with the epoxy‐amine oligomer (DEA‐EP) and the epoxy resin oligomer has been prepared by step‐growth polymerization and controlled crosslinking technique. The emulsion forming transparent films can be cured at room temperature with trimethylolpropane tris (1‐ethyleneimine) propionate (TMPTA‐AZ). The DEA‐EP structure and its reaction with urethane prepolymers were proved by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The studies on particle size, the particle size distribution, viscosity, and the films' transmittance (Tr) indicated that both trimethylol propane (TMP) and DEA‐EP contributed to improving the resin blends' compatibility and reducing the viscosity. The epoxy resin content can increase up to 20.0 wt % (based on the total content of the polyurethane and epoxy resin) and the emulsion was still stable. The data from the tensile test experiments showed that with the epoxy content increasing, the tensile strength (σ_b) and Young's modulus were proportionately raised, but the elongation at break (ε_b) decreased. Tensile tests also revealed that introducing TMPTA‐AZ as an outside‐crosslinker can increase the tensile strength. By adding 0.3 wt % of TMPTA‐AZ, the ε_b reduced from 429% to 371% and the σ_b increased from 4.4 to 13.73 MPa; by adding 1.8 wt % of TMPTA‐AZ, ε_b of the film was 67% of ε_b of the film with 0.3 wt % of TMPTA‐AZ, but its σ_b was 24.77 MPa and 180% of σ_b of the film with 0.3 wt % of TMPTA‐AZ. The cured films possessed excellent water and toluene resistance: water uptake (48 h, 3.1%; degree of curing: 70%), toluene uptake (210 h, 8%. degree of curing: 70%). Better properties of the composite emulsion will confer it as a potential application in low volatile industrial coatings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

A novel approach for anionic bulk polymerization of 1,3,5‐tris(trifluoropropylmethyl)cyclotrisiloxane

Present work gave a new method for preparing polymethyl(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)siloxane (PMTFPS) in the mixing chamber of a torque rheometer using sodium silanolate as initiator, and ethyl acetate (EA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as promoters. The promoting effect of EA in the anionic bulk polymerization of 1,3,5‐tris(trifluoropropylmethyl) cyclotrisiloxane (F₃) was investigated in comparison with DMSO, a common promoter. Results showed that EA exhibited an effective promoting effect as DMSO did. When the polymerization was carried out for 4.0 min at 120°C in the presence of 0.30 mol L^?1 EA, the maximum of number average molecular weight (M _n = 2.45 × 10⁵ g mol^?1) of PMTFPS was obtained with high yield (89.2 wt%). The back‐biting reactions during the polymerization were almost suppressed and less than 0.75 wt% cyclic by‐products were obtained by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) for EA promoter system. Investigations of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetic analysis showed that PMTFPS could be used in a wide range of operational temperatures. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

建筑中水处理技术及应用分析

介绍了建筑中水的主要处理工艺及中水回用技术应用情况,讨论了建筑中水的经济影响因素、发展趋势和制约中水推广应用的原因。     

自动粘度仪与手动粘度仪在油品分析中的应用比较

介绍了CAV2000A动粘度仪的工作原理及测定方法,利用CAV2000自动粘度仪对润滑油、柴油、燃料油等石油产品进行运动粘度的测定,并将测定结果与现行粘度测试标准（GB／T265—1988、GB／T11137-1989）进行比较,结果表明,CAV2000自动粘度仪操作简便快速,重复性好,精度在标准方法允许的误差范围内。     

凝汽或抽凝机组改造为背压机组的方法及效益

叙述了小型凝汽或抽凝机组改造成背压机组的方法及小型机组应用热泵改造的实例.改造后的机组与凝汽和抽凝机组运行方式相比较,仅发电一项,年节约标煤分别为6600 t以上和5100·t以上.     

基于小波的信号去噪分析

由实际应用可得,作为一种新的多辨认分析方法的小波变换,由于具有多分辨特征和时频局部性,可同时进行频域和时域分析,所以特别适用于进行非平稳信号的处理。首先介绍了小波分析的信号去噪原理,其次接着阐述了4种去噪算法：小波分解与重构去噪方法、模极大值检测法、阈值法及平移不变量小波去噪法。对于叠加了高斯白噪声的仿真信号,分别将上述的4种方法用于去噪处理,并通过仿真过程不同及图形差异对几种方法进行比较。     

Two‐phase flow behavior in microtube reactors during biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

Flow patterns in the course of transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO), sunflower oil (SFO) with water and/or oleic acid as a model of WCO, and pure SFO in the presence of a KOH catalyst in microtubes were investigated. FAME yield for the transesterification of WCO reached more than 89% in the microtube reactors with a residence time of 252 s at 333 K. The flow patterns when using WCO were changed from a liquid–liquid slug flow at the inlet region to a parallel flow at the middle region, and then to a homogeneous liquid flow at the outlet region as the reaction proceeded at 333 K. Fine droplets containing glycerol and methanol generally formed in oil slugs when using pure SFO, but were almost unobservable when using WCO. The soap produced from free fatty acids was considered to be the main factor affecting the flow patterns of WCO and SFO. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

Enhancement of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production by Selenium Treatment in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Producing Fungus

The effect of selenium (Se) treatment on the content of intracellular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was investigated. Selenium treatment could effectively increase the yields of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA). When AA-producing Diasporangium jonesianum recombinant strain D-A1 was cultured in a medium containing 90 μg mL⁻¹ Se, the growth of D. jonesianum recombinant strain D-A1 was constrained, but the content of AA in the total fatty acids reached 9.3%, 1.7-fold higher than the control. The content of LA was also increased from 25.9 to 37.7%. Under various culture conditions, Se treatment (90 μg mL⁻¹) was generally beneficial to the yields of LA and AA. However, there was no significant increase in the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and γ-linolenic acid. Therefore, the use of Se is advantageous for regulating the content of intracellular PUFA in D. jonesianum recombinant strain D-A1, and could be good enhancer in the yields of AA and LA.     

A novel contention solution strategy based on priority for optical burst switching networks

A fundamental issue in optical burst switching (OBS) networks is to solve the burst contention for the core node. In this paper, a novel priority-based contention solution strategy for OBS networks is proposed. When the contention occurs, the burst priority is considered firstly, and then the burst segmentation method is used for the low priority bursts in this strategy. Ensuring the integrity of high priority bursts, part of the segmented bursts can be transmitted to the destination node via combining wavelength conversion and optical buffer method. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only ensures the integrity of high priority bursts, but also reduces the packet loss rate of the low priority bursts maximally, so that it can support good quality of service (QoS) for the network.