Encoded moire inspection based on a computer solid model

An investigation into a system linking a computer solid modeler to an active stereo imaging inspection station is presented. Given the computer solid model of a surface, a projected pattern can be encoded so that the reflections from the object's surface exhibit a uniformly simple pattern when the object's surface and the modeled surface are identical. Research concerning the method of generating projection patterns, as well as the sensitivity of the system, is discussed. A prototype system consisting of a computer graphics workstation; a flexible projector, and a machine vision system was used to inspect two different manufactured parts     

Two-dimensional map of Haemophilus influenzae following protein enrichment by heparin chromatography

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separates several hundred protein molecules in one single experiment and is efficiently used to study the products expressed by different genomes. Low-copy-number gene products are invisible on a stained two-dimensional map and must be enriched such that sufficient amounts are present for visualization and identification. We investigated the enrichment of proteins of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae by chromatography on immobilized heparin which has affinity for growth and protein biosynthesis factors. Total soluble proteins of the microorganism were fractionated on Heparin-Actigel which resulted in enrichment of approximately 160 proteins. The eluates, representing about 40% of the applied proteins, were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the protein spots were characterized by amino acid composition analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The proteins enriched by chromatography on the heparin gel were not exclusively low-copy-number gene products and they did not exclusively belong to one single class of proteins. The proteins that bound to the heparin gel are indicated in a two-dimensional protein map which includes more than 110 newly identified proteins.     

NOTCHED FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF TWO COLD ROLLED STEELS

Abstract— A SAE1010 plain carbon steel and a SAE945X HSLA steel were cold rolled to various thickness reductions. Centre notched specimens were tested under stress control at a stress ratio of—1. The effect of loading direction on the fatigue strength was examined. The notched specimen fatigue strength was only slightly increased by cold rolling, since two opposing factors: the smooth specimen fatigue strength and the notch sensitivity, were increased by cold rolling. The notched specimen fatigue strength in the transverse direction was approximately the same as that in the longitudinal direction. An empirical equation and equations derived from fracture mechanics and Neuber's rule were applied to predict the fatigue notch factor for the sharp and blunt notch geometries examined. A reasonable agreement between the predictions and the experimental results was observed for the sharp notches. For the blunt notches, the predicted fatigue notch factors were conservative.     

Distribution and connections of inspiratory premotor neurons in the brainstem of the pigeon (Columba livia)

We have recorded extracellular, inspiratory-related (IR) unit activity in the medulla at locations corresponding to those of neurons retrogradely labeled by injections of retrograde tracers in the lower brachial and upper thoracic spinal cord, injections that covered cell bodies and dendrites of motoneurons innervating inspiratory muscles. Bulbospinal neurons were distributed throughout the dorsomedial and ventrolateral medulla, from the spinomedullary junction through about 0.8 mm rostral to the obex. Almost all of the 104 IR units recorded were located in corresponding parts of the ventrolateral medulla, rostral to nucleus retroambigualis, where expiratory related units are found. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine at the recording sites labeled projections both to the spinal cord and to the brainstem. In the lower brachial and upper thoracic spinal cord, bulbospinal axons traveled predominantly in the contralateral dorsolateral funiculus and terminated in close relation to the dendrites of inspiratory motoneurons retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin B-chain. In the brainstem, there were predominantly ipsilateral projections to the nucleus retroambigualis, tracheosyringeal motor nucleus (XIIts), ventrolateral nucleus of the rostral medulla, infraolivary superior nucleus, ventrolateral parabrachial nucleus, and dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular complex. In all these nuclei, except XIIts, retrogradely labeled neurons were also found, indicating reciprocity of the connections. These results suggest the possibility of monosynaptic connections between inspiratory premotor neurons and inspiratory motoneurons, which, together with connections of IR neurons with other brainstem respiratory-vocal nuclei, seem likely to mediate the close coordination that exists in birds between the vocal and respiratory systems. The distribution of IR neurons in birds is similar to that of the rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG) in mammals.     

A simple determination of steroidal alkaloid glycosides by thin-layer chromatography immunostaining using monoclonal antibody against solamargine

A method of determination for solasodine glycosides by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) immunostaining was investigated. Solasodine glycosides separated by silica gel TLC were transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. The membrane was treated with sodium periodate solution followed by bovine serum albumin (BSA), resulting in a solasodine glycoside-BSA conjugate. Conjugation was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Individual spots were stained by monoclonal antibody against solamargine. Immunostaining of solasodine glycosides was more sensitive compared to other stainings. The newly established immunostaining method can be extended to analysis of the distribution of solasodine glycoside in the plant body.     

Non-linear analysis of frames

A simple and easily programmable technique is proposed for the second-order analysis of frames. This technique involves the iterative process with modification of the stiffness matrix as well as the load vector in each iteration. Both curvature and sway effects are included. A numerical example is included to illustrate the results.