杂多酸掺杂质子交换膜的制备、结构及性能

作为含有多金属氧酸Keggin分子构型的固体强酸,杂多酸(HPAs)具有优异的吸水性、质子传导性(cp)、机械、热及化学稳定性。HPA掺杂陶瓷或聚合物质子交换膜(PEMs)可以有效提高复合PEMs的亲水性、cp、燃料阻隔性、机械、热及化学稳定性,同时显著降低其cp及燃料阻隔性的温度与湿度依赖性。当HPA掺杂陶瓷时,两者之间的氢键作用导致HPA在基体中的流失率低、分散性强且掺杂量高,此时复合PEMs的cp(10~(-1) S/cm数量级)较基体PEMs(10~(-3)~10~(-2) S/cm)大幅升高;而当HPA掺杂磺化聚合物时,两者之间的静电排斥力造成HPA在基体中的流失率高、分散性差且掺杂量低,此时复合PEMs的cp(10~(-1) S/cm数量级)较基体PEMs(10~(-2)~10~(-1) S/cm)仅小幅升高。为了有效降低HPA在聚合物基体中的流失率,可以采用聚合物膜"三明治"状包覆复合PEMs、盐化HPA、改性基体或通过第三组分负载HPA以分别在HPA与基体或负载之间形成氢键或静电引力等手段;对于HPA的负载改性,由于陶瓷或聚合物负载在基体中易团簇,相应地HPA在基体中的分散性与掺杂量并未提高。有时采用HPA与吸水性较强的磷酸共掺杂陶瓷基体或负载,以协同提高复合PEMs的cp,然而效果并不显著。以上各种结构的HPA掺杂PEMs通常由溶液浇铸法、自组装法、溶胶-凝胶法及浸润法等制备;不同方法往往相互关联,即制备过程可能涉及两种或3种方法的耦合使用。改性HPA或其负载以显著提高HPA在磺化聚合物基体中的分散性与掺杂量,借此构建全新、高效的质子传输通道形态以实现复合PEMs的超高cp(100S/cm数量级),是今后PEMs技术的重点发展方向之一。     

CeO2掺杂制备Ba0.9Ca0.1Ti1-xSnxO3压电陶瓷的结构及电性能

采用传统的陶瓷烧结技术,通过添加0.15%(摩尔分数)CeO2,在1120℃烧结2h,成功制备了新型无铅压电陶瓷Ba0.9 Ca0.1 Ti1-x Snx O3,并且检测了陶瓷样品的微结构和电性能.XRD显示所有陶瓷样品均具有纯的钙钛矿结构,在室温下为典型的四方相,SEM显示适量添加锡离子可以提高陶瓷致密性.在室温下,锡离子改性的BaTiO3基压电陶瓷在x=0.02处显示了优异的压电、介电和铁电性能(d33=276 pC/N,kp=46%,εr=3678,tanδ=2.4%,Pr=18.2μC/cm2,EC=1.12 kV/mm).这些优异的检测结果证实适当添加锡离子能改善BaT iO3基压电陶瓷的电性能.     

微纳马达行为控制与驱动燃料研究

人造微米马达是一种通过特定工艺制备而成的微米尺寸器件,在特定刺激下,能够实现各种各样的机械运动。微纳马达发展至今,取得了很多重大的突破和进展,科学家们通过多种材料制备了能在不同化学燃料中运动的微纳马达。主要对微纳马达行为控制与驱动燃料进行研究。     

基于AEM法的爆破拆除倒塌过程的数值模拟

利用应用单元法(AEM法),以含填充墙的某多层框架结构定向爆破拆除为例,进行倒塌过程的数值模拟。结果表明:在框架结构爆破切口形成后,结构由于重力作用逐渐沿横向偏转,并在横向最外侧的一排柱上形成活动铰,产生翻转倒塌,模拟结果与实际倒塌结果基本相符。在倒塌的过程中,结构爆破切口的横向很快进入大变形倒塌,同时引起横向隔墙的平面失去稳定而倒塌。落地的倒塌碎块,在纵向产生150kN左右的峰值冲击力,在横向产生30~50kN的峰值冲击力。基于仿真结果,可以定量设置防护措施,避免安全隐患。     

Position precision compensation method of a micro-manipulation stage based on fuzzy control

The hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric micro-manipulation stage leads to the decrease of its position accuracy and dynamic performance, and it is hard to establish the accurate hysteresis model. A position accuracy compensation method was adopted based on the fuzzy control strategy to get rid of the dependence on hysteretic model. As for a one-dimensional micro-manipulation stage, the position deviation and deviation variation rate of the stage was used as fuzzy input, and the input voltage change of piezoelectric actuator was used as fuzzy output. A method of developing fuzzy rules was presented based on experiment data of PID control to acquire experience. The fuzzy relationship between the stage input and output by fuzzy reasoning and de-fuzzy process was established, and the adaptive compensation of hysteresis could be realized. In order to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method, the experimental comparative analysis with PID control was carried out. The position errors were compared when the stage was tracking the sine signals with different frequencies. The experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy control method can make the stage have higher position tracking accuracy and faster tracking speed, and has better adaptability.     

Phantom study of optimization of spiral-CT and 3D reconstruction of the tracheobronchial system

PURPOSE: To optimise three-dimensional spiral CT of the tracheobronchial tree using adequate acquisition and reconstruction parameters for spiral CT of the chest. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative assessment of different 3 D reconstructions of two test objects of the tracheobronchial tree depending on section thickness, reconstruction interval, pitch, and reconstruction algorithm used in spiral CT (Siemens, Somatom plus S) of the chest. The frequency of volume and stairstep artifacts was evaluated. The 3 D reconstructions were generated using a seeded VOI-technique (Allegro, ISG). RESULTS: Reduction of artifacts was achieved by decreasing section thickness. Increasing overlap of source images, lowering the pitch factor, and application of the reconstruction algorithm "slim". Section thickness was the single most important factor which was mainly responsible for the occurrence of volume artifacts. Stairstep artifacts were primarily influenced by the reconstruction interval. CONCLUSION: Spiral CT with a section thickness > 4 mm is not adequate for 3 D reconstructions of the tracheobronchial tree. Overlapping source images with a pitch of 1 and the reconstruction algorithm "slim" can be recommended to reduce artifacts.     

Amazon技术架构的可信性分析

文章以Amazon电子商务系统为对象,通过对其技术架构的分析,论证了系统的可信性。     

煤楼运输自动化控制系统的应用

根据某煤矿的现状,提出了利用自动化控制系统对煤楼运输系统进行改造的方案;介绍了煤楼运输自动化控制系统的选型原则,给出了系统的组成、主要配置及其在某矿煤楼运输系统中的应用。实际应用表明,该煤楼运输自动化控制系统实时性好、可靠性高、故障率低,提高了生产效率,保障了安全生产。     

结合语句执行补集的程序错误定位

基于频谱的错误定位方法一般利用覆盖信息为每条语句度量出错的可能,即可疑度,通过逐条检查按可疑度值降序排列的语句序列来确定错误语句.针对已有的方法大多只考虑覆盖信息中语句执行信息的问题,分析了语句执行补集对错误定位的积极影响,进一步提出了在语句执行信息基础上结合语句执行补集的错误定位方法.实验结果表明,与其他方法相比,所...     

一种基于图像的非均匀单散射参与介质建模方法

针对非均匀单散射参与介质建模问题,提出一种能够保持密度场空间变化细节的建模方法.使用体数据、吸收和散射系数之比分别描述参与介质空间变化的密度分布及光线在其内部的传输特性,通过构建采集图像像素值与它们之间的表达式,将建模问题转化为非线性数值优化问题,求最优解.为了解决高分辨率体数据下大量体素密度值同时求解带来的时间开销大及数值不稳定问题,提出一种符合采集图像像素值明暗分布规律的密度场体数据初始化算法和一种多分辨率体数据逐步求精优化算法;为了快速计算大量体素密度值梯度,提出一种基于GPU的多体素并行梯度计算算法.实验结果表明,提出的方法能够根据采集图像重构烟模型,并保持其细节信息.