面向Cassandra数据库的高效动态数据管理机制

Cassandra数据库是当前通用的数据库之一,同时也被Apache列为重点发展的顶级项目。针对Cassandra分布式数据库系统而言,大量的写请求会造成过多分散的SStable结构以及过高的数据冗余度,进而造成用户读取请求响应速度下降。该问题可以通过系统自动触发的局部数据合并机制或人为干预的整体数据合并机制来解决。然而,不合时机的系统自动局部合并过程会严重降低用户正在执行的读取操作的性能,而过长时间的人为整体数据合并过程又会长时间地占用系统资源,严重制约系统的整体性能。针对此问题,提出了一种面向Cassandra数据库的动态数据管理机制。首先,实时监测系统环境,将数据按照写入时间和大小进行分层分级管理,对合并的时机、参与合并的文件及合并过程分别制定相应的执行策略;其次,通过特定优化手段减少数据的合并时间,以降低合并过程对系统性能的影响。测试结果表明,该管理机制优化了Cassandra数据库的合并过程,提升了系统整体的读取响应速度。     

基于灰色聚类算法的需求分析

James Martin等人的研究成果表明软件产品的大部分故障来源于需求阶段。为了提高软件产品的质量,保证软件需求规格说明(Software Requires Specification,SRS)的一致性、正确性、无歧义就显得尤为重要。利用自然语言处理技术,通过对软件需求规格说明中功能性需求语句进行词语划分并做词性标注,将每个功能需求语句转换为由关键词构成的权重向量,结合灰色聚类算法最终实现将功能语义相似的需求语句聚合在一起,从而达到需求分类的目的。分类的结果不仅方便需求分析人员进行需求审查,同时也方便软件开发人员进行软件编程以及维护人员对软件系统的修改和变更。     

Observer-based consensus in networks of discrete-time switched linear dynamics under a fixed topology

This paper considers the consensus problem of discrete-time switched linear multi-agent systems under a fixed communication topology. An observer-based protocol with sampled data is proposed for solving such a problem. Assume that the digraph has a directed spanning tree and that all switched subsystem of each agent are stabilisable and detectable. It is shown that the proposed protocol solves the consensus problem when the sampling period is sufficiently small and the average dwell time of the switching signal is sufficiently large. Moreover, to reduce the conservatism, a sufficient condition for consensus is obtained to design the feedback gain matrices and the observer gain matrices by linear matrix inequalities, which guarantee that consensus can be achieved when the sampling period and the average dwell time are in the general case. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical results is demonstrated through an example.     

Evaluation of Landsat 8 OLI imagery for unsupervised inland water extraction

The successful launch of the Landsat 8 satellite continues the Earth observation of the Landsat series, which has been taking place for nearly 40 years. With the increase in the band number and the improved spectral range compared with the previous Landsat imagery, it will be possible to expand the application of the new Landsat 8 imagery. The purpose of this study is to explore water extraction based on the new Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery. According to the specific inland water conditions (clear water, turbid water, and eutrophic water), a number of highly adaptable water indices are assessed for water extraction using Landsat OLI imagery. The results show that clear water is the easiest to extract among the different types of waterbodies, with the highest average accuracy of 97%. The highest-accuracy methods are the automated water extraction index for shadow pixels (AWEI_sh), the normalized difference water index using bands 4 and 7 (NDWI₄₇), and the normalized difference water index using bands 3 and 7 (NDWI₃₇), with accuracies of 98.55%, 95.50%, and 96.61%, corresponding to clear water, turbid water, and eutrophic water, respectively. Through the analysis of the different methods for optimal band selection, the seventh band OLI7 (shortwave infrared 2, SWIR-2) of Landsat OLI shows the best performance in water identification. When applying the water indices to water extraction, Otsu’s algorithm has been used to automatically select the water threshold. Using extensive experiments with Otsu’s algorithm and a manual method, it was found that Otsu’s algorithm can replace manual selection and has the ability to select an accurate threshold for water extraction.     

Image morphing with conformal welding

We address the issue of deforming an image of a source object to that of a target. Previous works including barycentric coordinates and functional maps can hardly enforce shape consistency, especially for the objects with complex nested shape components. We leverage the conformal welding theory that maps 2D shapes (planar contours) to the automorphisms of the unit circle, named shape signatures. Conformal welding enables us to apply the Laplacian constraint to deformations in the signature space (or unit circle domain), which renders efficiency and flexibility. Additionally, we are able to fully reconstruct complex shape contours from deformed signatures, and hence generate the morphed images for target shapes. The experiments on complex shape contours and facial images, where multiple components exist, validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Distributed production planning based on ATC and MOILP considering different coordination patterns

This paper is aimed at employing analytical target cascading (ATC) to solve the distributed production planning problem. In the ATC hierarchy, by setting a parent element to the core enterprise and a child element to each manufacturer, the core enterprise can negotiate the plans with the manufactures. Individual manufactures are able to make production plans autonomously, and finally achieve the global objective under the coordination of the core enterprise. ATC offers an independent decision making ability to each member, a decentralize coordination strategy to the core enterprise and a parallel computing method to the planning model. In order to obtain the concrete production quantities and balance the costs and the service levels, a multi-objective integer linear programming has also been introduced in the model, where different costs have different weights. By setting different weights to different optimization objectives, the core enterprise can obtain the lowest overall cost or the best service quantity. Meanwhile, from a strategic point of view, two coordination patterns, competitive and cooperative, through modifying the iterative mode of ATC, are addressed here. The competitive pattern make the core enterprise achieve a lower cost, while the cooperative pattern make the core enterprise maintain a better relationship with the manufactures. A series of comparative analyses are conducted to identify the strengths of the ATC method and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed coordination patterns. In particular, one of these experiments, which considers the quantity discount, has been done to further verify the effectiveness of the ATC based coordination mechanism while encountering the newly added decision-making factors.     

铁路调度集中系统实时备份与应急切换技术

分散自律调度集中系统(以下简称CTC系统)是铁路运输的核心信息系统,数据的可靠性保障十分重要.传统方法通过人工定期进行数据库备份,并在出现故障时进行人工恢复,无法保障铁路运输系统的不间断正常运行.本论文基于Oracle Data Guard技术设计实现了CTC系统数据库数据实时备份方案,对主用数据库数据动态自动备份,在备份和恢复过程中对用户完全透明,不影响调度员和车站值班员的正常使用,在占用数据库资源最小的情况下执行备份过程;当主用数据库发生问题或日常进行主备库倒换试验,通过数据库维护人员的简单操作,即可进行数据库业务的应急切换.在实际应用过程中,备用数据库和应急切换机制为缩短CTC的调度指挥中断时间起到了关键作用.