A method of reducing harmonic components in a large‐scale inverter

The low harmonic component elimination method, a method of PWM control, is effective for miniaturizing filters, or for decreasing losses by lowering the switching frequency. However, this method is only applicable to specific uses such as static var generators, because it can only read a switching angle decided beforehand from memory and can only control the fundamental wave. In this paper a PWM method to control low harmonic components is proposed. The proposed method uses a curved triangular wave that was developed in this investigation as the carrier wave. The proposed method proves to decrease the total harmonic distortion better than the conventional low harmonic component elimination method and the subharmonic method, based on experimental results employing a single‐phase inverter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(4): 10–23, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21103     

Changes in bacterial flora of Japanese cabbage during growth and potential source of flora

Bacterial flora of cabbage were identified and enumerated during various stages of growth, and the potential sources of contamination in the field were determined. Bacterial counts increased from below the level of detection (2.4 log CFU/g) on seeds to 2.5 to 5.7 log CFU/g on seedlings. After transplanting, the counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria on leaves decreased and then increased to 5.7 log CFU/g on outer leaves, 5.0 log CFU/g on middle leaves, and 3.0 log CFU/g on inner leaves at the harvesting stage. Counts of coliforms were below the level of detection during the growing period of the leaves. Bacteria isolated from cabbage seeds, seedlings, and leaves were soilborne organisms such as Bacillus, Curtobacterium, and Delftia and phytopathogenic organisms such as Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Stenotrophomonas. These bacteria were found frequently in seeding machines, potting soil mix, soil, agricultural water, pesticide solutions mixed with the agricultural water, liquid fertilizers, and chemical fertilizers. Contamination from these environmental sites occurred throughout the cabbage growing period rather than only at the harvesting stage. These results indicate that use of clean water for irrigation and for mixing with pesticides and amendments from seeding to the harvesting stage is an important part of a good agricultural practices program for cabbage in Japan.     

Kinetics of absorption of hydrogen sulfide into aqueous Fe(III) solutions

In our recent studies, absorption of H₂S into the aqueous Fe₂(SO₄)₃ and FeCl₃ solutions with various values of ionic strength and pH was investigated in an agitated vessel with a flat interface. The experimental results for both systems revealed that the species which reacts with H₂S is FeOH²⁺. The absorption rates were explained by the theory of gas absorption with an irreversible (l,l)-th order reaction between H₂S and FeOH₂₊. The reaction rate constants were independent of the ionic strength of the solution and correlated as a function of temperature. In this paper, kinetics and mechanism of these absorption reactions are reviewed and the identity for both systems is emphasized.     

Nanoscale dynamics probed by laser-combined scanning tunneling microscopy

With the miniaturization of functional devices, the difference in the electronic properties, for example, due to the structural nonuniformity in each element of nanoscale blocks has an ever more crucial influence on macroscopic functions. Laser-combined scanning tunneling microscopy, a potential method that enables us to probe the photoinduced carrier dynamics on the nanoscale, is reviewed with the latest results.     

TiNb颗粒增韧铜锆基非晶复合材料的机制

采用放电等离子烧结(Spark Plasma Sintering,SPS)方法成功制备得到10%(体积分数)TiNb/Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5和TiNb/Cu46Zr42Al7Y5非晶基体复合材料。压缩力学实验表明,TiNb颗粒对Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5的增韧效果明显好于对Cu46Zr42Al7Y5。究其原因是Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5的塑性转变区域的长度Rp值高于Cu46Zr42Al7Y5,这就意味着TiNb颗粒分布在Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5的塑性转变区域的几率明显高于Cu46Zr42Al7Y5基体。因此,TiNb颗粒对Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5基体的增韧效果明显要好于Cu46Zr42Al7Y5。     

Stereospecific analysis of glycerolipids of egg yolk of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and triacylglycerol were isolated from egg yolk of the Japanese quail. Fatty acid compositions at the two and three positions of glycerol in the glycerolipids were determined by stereospecific analysis employing phospholipase A₂. The distribution of the total number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid moieties of triacylglycerol was also quantitated by high temperature gas liquid chromatography. The distribution of acyl groups in each of the positions of the phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and triacylglycerol was not random, and each position has a characteristic composition. The phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine had distinctive fatty acid distributions for positionsn-2 of the triacylglycerol had a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids of which 18∶1 (69.9%) was the major component. Positionsn-3 contained 49.3% saturated fatty acids and was more saturated than positionsn-1 by 8.1%. The experimentally determined distribution of the carbon numbers in triacyl glycerol deviated significantly from the distribution predicted by 1-random-2-random-3-random association of the fatty acids. The data suggest that in Japanese quail there is marked preferencial synthesis of some triacylglycerols.