载体SiO_2上纳米TiO_2膜的制备及光催化性能

以SiO2 为载体 ,在酸性条件下 ,用TiCl4 水解法制备了TiO2 纳米膜催化剂TiO2 /SiO2 。以IR、XRD、SEM和吸光光度法对其进行了表征 ,所制TiO2 膜的平均粒径在 12nm以内 ,并能在很宽的煅烧温度范围内保持锐钛矿晶体结构 ;将TiO2 /SiO2 应用于光催化降解敌敌畏 (DDVP) ,具有高的光催化活性 ,且易回收及反复使用。探讨了不同条件对光催化活性的影响。     

某集气管线穿孔失效原因分析

目的 确定四川某集气管线腐蚀穿孔的原因。方法 采用直读光谱仪、金相显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和扫描电镜及EDS能谱对失效样品进行检测,并对腐蚀环境进行了分析。结果 (1)管体内壁存在大量腐蚀凹坑,管体金相组织为铁素体+珠光体,焊缝组织为针状铁素体,管基体的冶金质量、化学成分和力学性能符合标准;(2)腐蚀产物为FeS和少量FeCO₃;(3)气田水中存在硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)。结论 管线穿孔是SRB、H₂S、CO₂等因素共同作用的结果。     

页岩气水平井固井水泥环状态对套管力学完整性的影响

大位移页岩气井的井眼轨迹复杂,且压裂开发过程中经常出现由于水泥环缺陷引发的套变损伤问题。针对页岩气井压裂过程中高泵压大排量的特点,采用有限元分析方法,通过优化模型网格划分,建立了适用于页岩气井复杂井眼轨迹下套管力学完整性计算的套管-水泥环-地层组合体模型,讨论了水泥环缺失角度、缺失厚度、缺失长度及复合缺陷对造斜段及水平段局部屈曲部分套管力学完整性的影响。结果表明,套管的周向应力随水泥环弹性模量的增大而减小,受泊松比影响较小。水泥环角度缺失会使套管出现应力集中现象,当缺失角度超过90°,应力集中现象得到减缓。随着水泥环缺失厚度的增加,套管所受应力增大。无论是造斜段还是水平段,不同缺失角度下,水泥环厚度、套管尺寸及泵压对套管应力的影响类似,趋势均为随着缺失角度的增加,套管应力先增大后减小。水泥环缺失的临界部位会产生应力突变,该位置也是最容易发生套损的部位。同一缺失厚度下,套管应力最大值随着缺失角度的增加而先增加后减小;同一缺失角度下,套管应力最大值随着缺失厚度的增加而增加。随着缺失角度的增加,水泥环缺失部位对应套管沿管长方向的等效应力先增加后减小。水泥环越厚,套管等效应力越小。在相同厚度下,水泥环剩余厚度越薄,套管等效应力越大,全部缺失时应力水平最大。     

原油加工过程的氮平衡及其传递规律

对国内某炼油厂的常减压蒸馏、加氢裂化、连续重整、柴油加氢、渣油加氢、酮苯脱蜡、糠醛精制、重油催化裂化等21套装置进行全面采样和分析,考察了含氮原油在炼油厂各工艺流程中的分布及传递情况,确定了各装置的氮元素平衡及分布规律,绘制了全厂氮元素传递图,以期为炼油厂深度脱氮、重点装置防腐以及工艺升级等提供技术支撑。     

Emerging porous nanosheets: From fundamental synthesis to promising applications

Metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets and covalent organic framework(COF)nanosheets as emerging porous materials nanosheets have captured increasing attention owing to their attractive properties originating from the advantages of large lateral size,ultrathin thickness,tailorable physiochemical environment,flexibility and highly accessible active sites on surface,and the applications of them have been explored in a wide range of fields.Although MOF and COF nanosheets own many similar properties,their applications in various fields show significant differences,probably due to their different compositions and bonding modes.Hence,we summarize the recent progress of MOF and COF nanosheets by comparative analysis on their advantages and limitations in synthesis and applications,providing a more profound and full-scale perspective for researchers or beginners to understand this field.Herein,the categories of preparation methods of MOF and COF nanosheets are firstly discussed,including top-down and bottom-up methods.Secondly,the applications of MOF and COF nanosheets for separation,catalysis,sensing and energy storage are summarized.Finally,based on current achievements,we put forward our personal insights into the challenges and outlooks on the synthesis,characterizations,and promising applications for future research of MOF and COF nanosheets.     

The effect of ISO 9000 implementation on flow management

This study proposes an innovative flow management system that includes product (product and logistics) and process (human, information and decision) flow management. We identify three levels of ISO 9000 implementation (basic, advanced and supportive) as enablers, and operational performance as the outcome. The model was tested using the data-set collected from 133 ISO 9001 certified manufacturing companies in Australia. The results show that advanced implementation is positively related to both product and process flow management; supportive implementation is only positively related to process flow management while basic implementation has no significant effect on either product or process flow management. The results also show that both product and process flow management are positively related to operational performance. This study provides managerial guidelines for companies that wish to improve their innovation capabilities through ISO 9000 implementation and flow management. It also contributes to the ISO 9000 and flow management literature.     

Critical Relation Path Aggregation-Based Industrial Control Component Exploitable Vulnerability Reasoning

With the growing discovery of exposed vulnerabilities in the Industrial Control Components (ICCs), identification of the exploitable ones is urgent for Industrial Control System (ICS) administrators to proactively forecast potential threats. However, it is not a trivial task due to the complexity of the multi-source heterogeneous data and the lack of automatic analysis methods. To address these challenges, we propose an exploitability reasoning method based on the ICC-Vulnerability Knowledge Graph (KG) in which relation paths contain abundant potential evidence to support the reasoning. The reasoning task in this work refers to determining whether a specific relation is valid between an attacker entity and a possible exploitable vulnerability entity with the help of a collective of the critical paths. The proposed method consists of three primary building blocks: KG construction, relation path representation, and query relation reasoning. A security-oriented ontology combines exploit modeling, which provides a guideline for the integration of the scattered knowledge while constructing the KG. We emphasize the role of the aggregation of the attention mechanism in representation learning and ultimate reasoning. In order to acquire a high-quality representation, the entity and relation embeddings take advantage of their local structure and related semantics. Some critical paths are assigned corresponding attentive weights and then they are aggregated for the determination of the query relation validity. In particular, similarity calculation is introduced into a critical path selection algorithm, which improves search and reasoning performance. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm avoids redundant paths between the given pairs of entities. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones in the aspects of embedding quality and query relation reasoning accuracy.     

Homologous Heterostructured NiS/NiS2@C Hollow Ultrathin Microspheres with Interfacial Electron Redistribution for High-Performance Sodium Storage

Nickel sulfides with high theoretical capacity are considered as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs); however, their intrinsic poor electric conductivity, large volume change during charging/discharging, and easy sulfur dissolution result in inferior electrochemical performance for sodium storage. Herein, a hierarchical hollow microsphere is assembled from heterostructured NiS/NiS₂ nanoparticles confined by in situ carbon layer (H-NiS/NiS₂@C) via regulating the sulfidation temperature of the precursor Ni-MOFs. The morphology of ultrathin hollow spherical shells and confinement of in situ carbon layer to active materials provide rich channels for ion/electron transfer and alleviate the effects of volume change and agglomeration of the material. Consequently, the as-prepared H-NiS/NiS₂@C exhibit superb electrochemical properties, satisfactory initial specific capacity of 953.0 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, excellent rate capability of 509.9 mA h g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹, and superior longtime cycling life with 433.4 mA h g⁻¹ after 4500 cycles at 10 A g⁻¹. Density functional theory calculation shows that heterogenous interfaces with electron redistribution lead to charge transfer from NiS to NiS₂, and thus favor interfacial electron transport and reduce ion-diffusion barrier. This work provides an innovative idea for the synthesis of homologous heterostructures for high-efficiency SIB electrode materials.     

蚌埠市生活垃圾填埋场工程地质勘察

蚌埠市生活垃圾填埋场工程是城市基础设施,该工程规模大,位于平山半山坡上,工程区地质条件复杂,工作难度大,防渗设计要求严苛.本勘察项目采用钻探、原位取土试样、标准贯入试验、单孔法波速测试试验、室内土工试验、岩石饱和单轴抗压强度试验、水质分析等综合手段勘察,取得了科学准确的参数.本文对填埋场的地基持力层的选择、设计参数、防渗处理等提出了经济合理的结论和建议,为优化设计、节省投资、安全施工奠定了基础.     

基于STD工控机的浓密自动控制系统

根据浓密工艺特点 ,采用STD工控机和模糊控制技术开发了浓密自动控制系统。该系统在红布金矿成功应用 ,具有性价比高 ,稳定可靠的特点。本文对控制任务 ,控制方案 ,系统特点 ,系统设计进行了介绍