高阶统计量地震子波估计建模

本文在反射系数序列为非高斯、平稳和统计独立的随机过程,地震子波为非因果、混合相位的假设条件下,分别应用滑动平均(MA)和自回归滑动平均(ARMA)模型对地震记录进行建模,并采用运算代价较小的基于高阶累积量的线性化求解方法——累积量矩阵方程法进行了子波提取和模型适应性的研究。数值模拟结果和实际地震数据处理结果表明:自回归滑动平均(ARMA)模型比滑动平均(MA)模型具有参数节省、模型更为高效的特点;累积量矩阵方程法可以有效地压制加性高斯噪声,但对累积量样本估计的准确性要求较高;如果累积量样本估计的误差和方差适度,结合自回归滑动平均(ARMA)模型描述的累积量矩阵方程法可以高效、准确地估计出地震子波。     

多晶硅薄膜压阻系数的理论研究

利用应力退耦模型,分别对多晶硅薄膜晶粒中性区和晶界势垒区的压阻系数进行了理论分析,并推导出多晶硅压阻系数的表达式.实验结果表明,利用文中推导出的理论公式所获得的计算值与实验测量结果基本符合,所给出的有关多晶硅压阻系数的理论结果可以作为多晶硅特性分析的理论依据.     

耐温强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成乙酸丁酯

开发了耐温强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化剂,采用此催化剂,以乙酸和正丁醇为原料合成了乙酸丁酯。用13C核磁共振光谱表征了耐温强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化剂的结构;在工业生产条件下,对比了不同强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化剂的活性;以耐温强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,考察了进料量对乙酸转化率的影响及催化剂的稳定性。实验结果表明,以耐温强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂合成乙酸丁酯,在反应釜温度120℃、分馏柱顶部温度91~92℃、正丁醇与乙酸摩尔比1.02、进料量60mL/h的条件下,乙酸的转化率为95.1%,达到了采用硫酸催化剂时的水平。耐温强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化剂的寿命在500h以上,稳定性好,具有较好的工业化前景。     

同步泵浦声光调Q全固态脉冲激光器

本文首次提出了同步泵浦声光调Q全固态脉冲激光器，分析了其基本理论，设计并实现了这种新型激光器。它克服了现有小型全固态脉冲激光器存在寄生多脉冲和峰值功率还不够高的缺点，用2W LD的泵浦时，得到了重复频率为4．5kHz、峰值功率为6kW、脉宽为18ns、无寄生脉冲的连续脉冲激光输出，可以较好地满足激光测距和激光雷达对此类激光器性能的要求。本文对实验方案、设备和结果进行了详细的描述。     

双波段比色精确测温技术

非接触红外辐射测温具有响应速度快、准确、便捷等优势。为实现中低温(50~400℃)物体温度的精确测量,根据双波段比色测温原理,搭建了双波段比色测温试验系统。首先对试验系统所用的试验器件进行精确标定,得到拟合曲线,用多种插值算法对曲线进行校正。然后,用设定温度的面源黑体作为试验目标来进行试验温度数据采集。实验结果表明:搭建的双波段试验系统不需要知道目标发射率,也能较为精确地得到中低温物体的真实温度。当系统标定置信度为0.95 时,物体的标准偏差在3℃以内。验证了搭建测温系统的正确性,实验装置的搭建对中低温物体真实温度的精确测量具有重要的研究意义。     

Tough Transient Ionic Junctions Printed with Ionic Microgels

Emerging soft ionotronics better match the human body mechanically and electrically compared to conventional rigid electronics. They hold great potential for human-machine interfaces, wearable and implantable devices, and soft machines. Among various ionotronic devices, ionic junctions play critical roles in rectifying currents as electrical p–n junctions. Existing ionic junctions, however, are limited in electrical and mechanical performance, and are difficult to fabricate and degrade. Herein, the design, fabrication, and characterization of tough transient ionic junctions fabricated via 3D ionic microgel printing is reported. The 3D printing method demonstrates excellent printability and allows one to fabricate ionic junctions of various configurations with high fidelity. By combining ionic microgels, degradable networks, and highly charged biopolymers, the ionic junctions feature high stretchability (stretch limit 27), high fracture energy (>1000 Jm⁻²), excellent electrical performance (current rectification ratio >100), and transient stability (degrade in 1 week). A variety of ionotronic devices, including ionic diodes, ionic bipolar junction transistors, ionic full-wave rectifiers, and ionic touchpads are further demonstrated. This study merges ionotronics, 3D printing, and degradable hydrogels, and will motivate the future development of high-performance transient ionotronics.     

An Efficient One-Arrow-Two-Hawks Strategy Achieves High Efficiency and Stable Batch Variance for Benzodifuran-based Polymer Solar Cells

With the development of organic solar cells (OSCs), the high-performance and stable batch variance are becoming a new challenge for designing polymer donors. To obtain high photovoltaic performance, adopting polymers with high molecular weight as donors is an ordinary strategy. However, the high molecular weight need to subtly control the reaction time and state, inevitably caused batch-to-batch variations. Herein, a strategy of steric effect is applied to benzodifuran (BDF)-based polymer by introducing different positions of Cl atom, producing two polymers PBDFCl-1 and PBDFCl-2. The more twisted side chains conformation not only achieve the control of moderate molecular weight for PBDFCl-2, but also easily form molecular stacking through adopting BDF unit and maintain sufficient polymeric crystallinity. Due to the optimized stacking mode and good blend miscibility, PBDFCl-2-based device exhibitsa more elegant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.00% compared to PBDFCl-1-based device. This is the highest efficiency record for BDF-based binary OSCs. Meanwhile, the PCE device variation of the different molecular weights for PBDFCl-2 is little, indicating the reduction of the batch variation. Therefore, smartly using steric effect of Cl atom in strong crystalline BDF unit can form efficient molecular stacking regulations and realize the coordination of high-performance and stable batch variance.     

Boosting Redox Kinetics of Sulfur Electrochemistry by Manipulating Interfacial Charge Redistribution and Multiple Spatial Confinement in Mott–Schottky Electrocatalysts

The serious shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics intrinsically handicap the practical application of Li-S batteries. Herein, a unique 3D hierarchically porous Mott–Schottky electrocatalyst composed of W₂C quantum dots (QD) spatially confined in nitrogen-doped graphene microspheres (NGM) is proposed for regulating the kinetics of sulfur electrochemistry. Experimental and theoretical results disclose a spontaneous charge rearrangement and induce built-in electric field across the W₂C QD/NGM heterojunction interface, contributing to reduced energy barrier for both polysulfides reduction and Li₂S oxidation during entitle discharge/charge processes. Furthermore, the ultrasmall W₂C QD with high electrocatalytic activity and superior conductivity can promote the conversion of S species, while the hierarchically porous microspheres assembled from wrinkled graphene nanosheets not only can efficiently inhibit the polysulfides shuttling via multiple spatial confinement, but also provide abundant inner space for stable reservation of active S, highly conductive networks, and maintain the structural integrity of cathode during consecutive cycling. Consequently, Li-S batteries employed with the designed W₂C QD/NGM-based cathode exhibit outstanding electrochemical properties even at a high sulfur loading. The superior performance combined with the simplicity of the synthesis process represents a promising strategy for the rational design of advanced electrocatalyst for energy applications.     

利用EALCD的数字全息干涉术

基于电寻址液晶(EALCD)读写图像实时、衍射效率高的特性,设计了以EALCD和CCD为关键器件的数字全息干涉系统.系统满足空间带宽积,时间、空间相干度和偏振度的要求,提高了干涉条纹的对比度,降低了散斑噪声等影响,实现了数字全息干涉术的高精度测试.利用双曝光全息干涉术原理,应用Matlab编程取代传统相移术中的压电位移...     

一种模糊自适应BP算法的研究

本文在人工神经网络中引入模糊集理论，提出一种模糊自适应ＢＰ算法。通过奇偶校验和ＥＥＧ异常波形检测两上实例，验证了新算法在学习速度与性能上都优于传统的ＢＰ和虎法。