Characterization of allergoids from ovalbumin in vitro and in vivo

Several in vivo and in vitro methods for monitoring immunological properties of two allergoids obtained by formaldehyde treatment of ovalbumin (OA) were developed. The calculated molecular weight of allergoids was 80 kD (OA-F1) and 165 kD (OA-F2), respectively. The allergenic activity in vitro of allergoids in mast-cell histamine release assay was 1000 times lower than of OA. Both allergoids showed reduced ability to induce passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the Sprague-Dawley rats or systemic anaphylaxis in Dunkin-Harley guinea-pigs. The ability of OA and allergoids to bind to the OA-specific IgE antibodies was measured in vivo by the inhibition of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA-inhibition). Allergoid binding to IgE was 51-66% lower than the native allergen. Moreover, the avidity of OA-specific IgG antibodies, measured by ELISA-inhibition, for allergoids and allergen was of the same order. Allergoids induced a different pattern of humoral immune response from that, induced by the native allergen. Thus, after immunization of BALB/c mouse, both allergoids induced a higher production of IgG and a lower production of IgE than OA, only OA-F2 induced a lower production of IgG1. The differences in the IgA response to the immunogens was not significant. Delayed hypersensitivity studies in the BALB/c mouse showed that allergoids were 5- to 12-times less effective in inducing a cell-mediated immune response than OA. The present study provides a battery of immunological methods for preclinical testing of modified allergens.     

A novel way to treat refractory waste: Sonication followed by wet oxidation (SONIWO)

The effectiveness of the hybrid system sonication followed by wet oxidation (SONIWO) to treat otherwise refractory waste has been demonstrated. In such a hybrid system homogeneous CuSO₄ catalyst was found to be very efficient.     

Cold forging and chemical heat treatment of the casing of the internal joint for VAZ cars

The technological process of cold forging applied for the first time in the production of the casing of the internal joint with races is described. The process operations of cold forging and the annealing and carburizing regimes for this part me described.     

Increasing the interference immunity of broadband systems for measuring and transmitting information by utilizing nonlinear signal processing methods

A method is considered for increasing the immunity from interference of broadband systems for measuring and transmitting information. It is based on utilizing nonlinear methods to process spread-spectrum signals. The possibility is investigated of using a quasioptimal receiving device which can be implemented in practice. It is shown that the proposed method makes it possible to solve the rejection problem at the physical level. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 13–15, November, 1996.     

Experience in High-Temperature Thermomechanical Treatment with Helical Reduction in the Production of Axisymmetric Parts

Metal Science and Heat Treatment -     

Removal of redundant dependences in DOACROSS loops with constantdependences

An efficient algorithm to remove redundant dependences in simple loops with constant dependences is presented. Dependences constrain the parallel execution of programs and are typically enforced by synchronization instructions. The synchronization instructions represent a significant part of the overhead in the parallel execution of a program. Some program dependences are redundant because they are covered by other dependences. It is shown that unlike with single loops, in the case of nested loops, a particular dependence may be redundant at some iterations but not redundant at others, so that the redundancy of a dependence may not be uniform over the entire iteration space. A sufficient condition for the uniformity of redundancy in a doubly nested loop is developed