Supported inorganic membranes: Promises and challenges

Supported inorganic membranes hold the promise of highly effective separation and purification, and stable operation in harsh environments. Examples are thin films of paladium alloy for H₂, mixed conducting oxides for O₂, amorphous silica for CO₂ and zeolites for hydro-carbons, and meso-porous titania for water purification. However, compared to organic membranes, large-scale production of inorganic membranes requires improvements in reproducibility and cost processes. This short overview provides terminology, concepts, and important criteria for performance, stability, reproducibility, and cost of supported inorganic membranes. Also discussed are possible approaches to address the challenges, and examples for designing gas separation and water purification.     

ANTIGENOTOXIC, FIBRINOLYTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING ACTIVITY OF TRADITIONALLY FERMENTED SOY PRODUCT, CHUNGKUKJANG

Fibrinolytic, antigenotoxic and immunomodulating properties of chungkukjang were evaluated. The purified fibrinolytic enzyme was characterized as an alkaline serine protease with molecular weight of 22 kDa determined by fibrin zymography and stable over pH range 6.0–10.0 below 50C. The comet assay showed that N-methyl-N ' -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced DNA damage level (190.8 AU) in 3T3 cells was considerably decreased to 121.2 AU with chungkukjang extracts (CB) showing 49.7% of protection. Incubation of the 3T3 cells with CB significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of MNNG. [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay revealed that the addition of CB enhanced the proliferation of RAW 264.7 (mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage cell line) macrophages up to about 150% of the control levels. RAW 264.7 macrophages incubated with CB induced a strong increase in nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) with a dose-dependent manner. After 24 h incubation with 1 mg/mL of CB, NO, TNF-α and IL-1α showed the highest production of 511, 2.46 and 0.258 ng/mL, respectively.     

High-Temperature Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum Oxynitride Spinel

The electrical conductivity of pure aluminum oxynitride spinel was measured at 1300° to 1500°C under flowing nitrogen gas. The re sults for two nonstoichiometric spinel compositions can be fitted by exponential expressions with an activation energy of 116± I Wlmol. The mobilities calculated from aluminum vacancy concentrations and conductivities, 8.07x cm'/V-s, are reasonable for ionic conduction. The complex impedance plot suggests electrode double-layer effects being damped out at higher frequencies in the range 10'to lo4 Hz.     

Al-C-Ni组分的变化对Al-C-Ni与ITO层接触电阻的影响

为克服大尺寸显示面板中反应时间的延迟问题,采用低阻栅线是十分有益的,同样在小尺寸面板上也存在这种相互匹配的过程。然而,由于Al较高的氧化速度,铝合金和ITO材料接触性能并不太好。文章介绍了在室温ITO沉积过程中,通过增加ACX(Al-C-Ni)中Ni含量来减少ACX-ITO接触电阻。经室温ITO沉积后,接触电阻成功地减少到300Ω,而且没有ACX引起的问题出现。