坑道用水下堵漏剂的研制

坑道水下堵漏剂的研制包括F－1、F－2和F－3型。其中F－1是一种有机堵漏剂，它可以在水中固化；F－2是一种无机防水堵漏剂，施工方便；F－3是速凝型，它可在瞬间固化，能对坑道的涌水口进行堵漏。     

Simulation of programmable logic controller

The development and test of a PLC control program takes time, increases equipment down-time, and might damage hardware due to program errors. All of these problems can be eliminated if there is a computer simulation system for testing control programs off line. This paper presented a new method, called Direct Sequential Method, for simulating PLCs. This method resolves a ladder logic sequentially by applying a series of logic deductions. This simulation system has been implemented in C and tested successfully.     

基于小波包和包络分析的滚动轴承故障自动诊断方法

提出了一种基于峭度-小波包-包络分析的滚动轴承故障自动诊断方法。首先用峭度系数判断是否出现故障,再针对故障轴承振动信号非平稳和调幅的特点,用小波包将信号分解到不同的节点上。然后将不同节点的重构信号做包络谱分析,将谱峰处的频率同滚动轴承内圈、外圈、滚珠、保持架等的故障频率进行对比分析,在此基础上,运用最小距离判别法则自动获得故障原因,从而实现滚动轴承故障的自动诊断。通过对实验中采集到的轴承振动信号进行分析,证明了该方法在轴承早期故障诊断中的有效性。     

Effect of the absence of lipoxygenase isoenzymes on the storage characteristics of rice grains

Three varieties of paddy rice with and three varieties without lipoxygenase (LOX) isoenzymes were stored at room temperature, in dark conditions for 42 months. Insect damage and viability were investigated during that time. Varieties without LOX-1,2 and their offspring were screened with a rapid method of estimating LOX isoenzymes, and subjected to an accelerated-ageing experiment. The results indicated that in varieties without LOX-1,2, after long storage, rice quality was normal, but for varieties with LOX-1,2, rice quality deteriorated. With increase of storage time, the germination rate of the seed of most varieties decreased greatly except for varieties without LOX-1,2 where there was almost no change in the germination rate. In varieties without LOX-1,2 and their offspring, after an accelerated ageing experiment the germination rate of some varieties changed slowly, but with others, the germination rate changed quickly. This indicated that a definitive factor, which influenced the life of seeds, may be the loss of LOX-1,2. During storage, there was also a significant difference in the degree of insect damage. In varieties without LOX-3 insect damage was lower, but in varieties with LOX-3 insect damage was higher. Therefore, the absence of LOX-3 may be very important in insect resistance in rice grain.     

Photodegradation mechanism and stabilization of polyphenylene oxide and rigid‐rod polymers

Poly(2,4‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(benzo[1,2‐d:5,4‐d′]bisoxazole‐2,6‐diyl‐1,4‐phenylene) (PBO) and poly(benzo[1,2‐d:4,5‐d′]bisthiazole‐2,6‐diyl‐1,4‐phenylene) (PBZT), which are polymers with extended conjugated structures, undergo a self‐sensitized photo‐induced electron‐transfer reaction. A second component is not required. This article presents many similar observations on these polymers when they are exposed to light and evidence to support the proposed photo‐induced electron‐transfer mechanism. Methods to stabilize these polymers against photo‐oxidation are also described. Workers investigating other conjugated polymeric systems may find the experimental methods, observations and polymer stabilization approaches discussed in this review useful. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

ARCGIS环境下基于DEM的流域特征提取

研究选取位于陕西省延安城南12 km处的万花乡向阳沟小流域。采用1∶10000大比例尺的比例尺5 m分辨率的DEM作为基本的地形数据,应用ESR I公司开发的ARCG IS地理信息系统软件进行流域特征的提取。经分析得到了研究区域河网特征以及研究区其它常用的流域特征信息,与实际河流水系特征基本吻合,认为应用DEM划分的流域结果是合理的。     

Effects of Process Conditions on Desalting and Demetalization of Crude Oil

The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%.     

Study on the long‐term thermal‐oxidative aging behavior of polyamide 6

The long‐term thermal‐oxidative aging behavior of polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied by comparison with the stabilized sample in this work. The variation of mechanical properties of the pure and the stabilized samples of PA6 with aging time at 110°C, 130°C, and 150°C were investigated, respectively. The aging mechanism of PA6 under heat and oxygen was studied in terms of the reduced viscosity, crystallization behavior, dynamic mechanical behavior, and chemical composition through the methods of polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), X‐ray photoelectron energy spectrum (XPS), and so on. The results indicated that at the initial stage of aging, the molecular crosslinking reaction of PA6 dominated resulting in the increase of the mechanical strength, reduced viscosity, and the glass transition temperature of the sample. And the molecular degradation dominated in the subsequent aging process resulting in the decrease of the melting temperature, the increase of the crystallinity, and the formation of the oxides and peroxides products. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Thermal stabilization effect of biphenol monoacrylate on polyamide 6

Biphenol monoacrylate (AL) was combined with a traditional hindered phenolic‐based binary antioxidant system to form a ternary stabilization system for the purpose of further improving the thermal–oxidative stability of polyamide 6 (PA6). The thermal stabilization effect of the antioxidant AL on PA6 was studied in terms of the reduced viscosity, the chemical structure, the yellow index, and the mechanical properties. The results showed that the antioxidant AL, with the proper chemical structure, could improve the thermal stability of PA6 effectively through a unique bifunctional stabilizing mechanism. The interaction of the molecules of PA6 with the antioxidant AL was investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel proton‐exchange membrane for fuel cells operating at high temperatures and low humidities

The synthesis of a p‐toluidine/formaldehyde (PTF) resin was performed, and the effects of the molar ratio of the individual monomers and the polymerization conditions on the structure of the PTF resin were studied. Fourier transform infrared and ¹³C‐NMR spectra were used to characterize the PTF. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed the crystalline structures of various PTFs. Polarized optical microscopy revealed that the molar ratio of the monomers had a strong effect on the crystalline morphologies. A longer polymerization time turned out a polymer with a higher intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight, which led to differences in the proton conductivity. All of the PTFs showed a higher proton conductivity than a commercial Nafion membrane at 90–100°C and 0% relative humidity. The proton conductivity of the PTF series could be improved by sulfonation with sulfuric acid and could be maintained after blending with polyurethane. Pure methanol could be used as a fuel source because of the insolubility and nonwetting properties of PTF in methanol to increase the output current density for a PTF membrane electrode assembly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008