INTROGRESSING PHEROMONE QTL BETWEEN SPECIES: TOWARDS AN EVOLUTIONARY UNDERSTANDING OF DIFFERENTIATION IN SEXUAL COMMUNICATION

As a first step toward understanding how noctuid moths evolve species-specific pheromone communication systems, we hybridized and backcrossed two closely related moth species, Heliothis virescens (Hv) and H. subflexa (Hs), which differ qualitatively and quantitatively in their multi-component sex pheromone blends. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker-based mapping of backcross families to determine which of the 30 autosomes in these moths contained quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the percentages of specific chemical components in the pheromone blends. In two previous backcrosses to Hs, we found a strong depressive effect of Hv-chromosome 22 on the percentage of three acetate components in the pheromone gland. These acetates are present in Hs and absent in Hv. Here, we describe how we introgressed Hv-chromosome 22 into the genomic background of Hs. Selection for Hv-chromosome 22 started from backcross 3 (BC₃) females. All females that had Hv-chromosome 22 and a low percentage of acetates (< 3% of the total amount of pheromone components present) were backcrossed to Hs males. In BC₅ to BC₈, we determined whether Hv-chromosome 22 was present by a) running only the primer pairs that would yield the markers for that chromosome, and/or b) determining the relative percentages of acetates in the pheromone glands. Either or both genotype and phenotype were used as a criterion to continue to backcross these females to Hs males. In BC₉, we confirmed the isolation of Hv-chromosome 22 in the Hs genomic background, and backcrossed the males to Hs females to eliminate the Hv-sex chromosome as well as mitochondrial DNA. The pheromone composition was determined in BC₃, BC₅, and BC₁₁ females with and without Hv-chromosome 22. All backcross females with Hv-chromosome 22 contained significantly less acetates than females without this chromosome. In addition, BC₃ females with Hv-chromosome 22 contained significantly more Z11-16:OH than BC₃ females without Hv-chromosome 22. However, in BC₅ and BC₁₁ females, the correlation between Z11-16:OH and Hv-chromosome 22 was lost, suggesting that there are separate QTL for the acetates and for Z11-16:OH, and that the relative amount of the alcohol component is only affected in epistasis with other (minor) QTL. Now that we have succeeded in isolating the chromosome that has a major effect on acetate production, we can test in behavioral experiments whether the presence of acetates may have been a driving force for a shift in pheromone composition. Such tests are necessary to move towards an evolutionary understanding of the differentiation in sexual communication in Heliothis spp. moths.     

负载型磷钨酸催化杂醇油合成混合酯的研究

本实验以杂醇油和乙酸为原料，杂多酸HPW／MxOy为催化剂。在相同条件下将几种工艺进行比较，从而选出适合该酯化反应的工艺。同时考察了催化剂的用量、醇酸酯比、反应时间等对酯化反应的影响。并研究了杂多酸的重复使用性。确定了酯化率和酯含量最佳时的酯合成反应的工艺条件。     

基于有限状态机的RFID流数据过滤与清理技术

为了实现从大量不可靠、冗余的RFID（radio frequency identification）流数据中提取有效信息,提高RFID系统中数据的质量,提出了一种基于有限状态机的RFID 流数据过滤与清理方法.实验结果表明：该方法能够有效过滤系统外标签数据,清理系统内部冗余标签数据,筛选有效标签数据,并能够降低漏读、误读带来的风险.最后,利用地理信息系统的可视化技术,将过滤与清理结果展示在地图上.     

具有TCSC 的单机无线总线系统非线性阻尼浸入与不变控制

针对带有晶闸管控制串补(TCSC) 的单机无限总线系统, 利用浸入和不变思想设计了基于状态反馈的非线性阻尼控制器. 通过选定一个特定的二维目标系统和映射函数, 将所研究的对象浸入其中, 使得所设计的非线性阻尼控制器在不需要构造Lyapunov 函数的情况下即可保证闭环系统的渐近稳定性和轨迹的有界性. 仿真对比结果表明了采用所提出方法设计的控制器是有效的, 且能够明显提高闭环系统的暂态稳定性.

     

一种基于压缩域的实时跟踪改进算法

在基于压缩域的实时跟踪算法中,判别函数对目标外观考虑不足易造成跟踪精度较低。为此,提出一种改进的基于压缩域的实时跟踪算法。利用稀疏测量矩阵提取候选目标的低维多尺度特征,并根据在线更新的特征概率分布,采用朴素贝叶斯分类器判别目标与背景,实现粗跟踪。通过视频帧间候选目标内部区域所具有的相似性,在粗跟踪的基础上实施基于动态目标外观模型的二次跟踪,在线寻找目标的最佳跟踪位置。对多种跟踪视频库的测试结果表明,该算法在不过量增加计算负荷的情况下能有效提高跟踪精度。     

离子膜烧碱DCS控制系统的改造

介绍了横河公司的分布式控制系统CS3000在离子膜烧碱生产过程中的应用。阐述了系统的工艺流程、硬件配置、软件配置和控制系统的主要功能。     

基于多核学习的投影非负矩阵分解算法

非负矩阵分解(NMF)把给定的数据矩阵分解成低维的非负基矩阵和对应的系数矩阵,两者之间存在必然联系。为此,研究者将基矩阵转换为系数矩阵的投影,进一步提高分解效率。但是该方法无法处理非线性数据,核函数的引入部分解决了此问题,却同时导致核函数参数选择的问题。基于多核学习理论,提出了一种多核学习的投影非负矩阵分解(MKPNMF)算法,该算法有效地避免了核函数参数选择的问题,同时提高了学习性能。在实际人脸数据上的实验结果表明,MKPNMF较已有的NMF类方法具备明显的性能优势。     

独立光柴混合微电网新的负荷频率控制研究

针对光柴混合发电的孤岛微电网,提出基于滑模控制和超级电容调节的频率控制方法。首先,建立光伏系统、超级电容和柴油发电机系统的数学模型;其次,设计滑模控制器来调节柴油机发电机的有功输出功率,减小由于光伏输出功率波动和微网中不断变化的负荷而产生的频率偏差;最后增加超级电容储能设备控制微网的频率偏差。仿真结果表明,与传统的柴油发电机速度控制策略相比,提出的方法不仅实现了光伏系统的最大输出功率控制,而且有效的减少了孤岛微网的频率偏差。     

路面病害修补图像的车载自动检测方法

提出了一种不同状况下路面修补图像车载自动检测算法,首先分析道路病害修补图像特征,对道路病害图像运用统一复原方法进行图片去模糊处理,采用窗对比度算法提取修补图像信息,再结合原图信息二次运用窗口对比度算法去除伪修补信息,准确、迅速地提取图像路面修补目标信息。对大量的图片进行测试,实验结果表明论文提出的算法具有可靠性和可应用性。     

扩展双星树的 Wiener-E 指标和 Wiener-O 指标

扩展双星树（T（n）n1,n2）是 n－1长路径的两端点分别联结 n1条悬挂边和 n2条悬挂边所得到的图。论文根据扩展双星树的结构特征,研究了扩展双星树的类Wiener指数,给出了一般计算公式。