LIPID AND CHOLESTEROL OXIDATION,COLOR CHANGES,AND VOLATILE PRODUCTION IN IRRADIATED RAW PORK BATTERS WITH DIFFERENT FAT CONTENT1

An emulsion-type product was prepared to determine the effect of irradiation on lipid and cholesterol oxidation, color change, and volatile production in raw pork with different fat contents. Lipid oxidation increased with an increase in fat content or irradiation dose. Irradiated batters had higher cholesterol oxides than nonirradiated, and the major cholesterol oxides formed in irradiated pork batters were 7α- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol. Hunter color a- and b-values of raw pork batters were decreased by irradiation regardless of fat content. Irradiation increased the amount ofvolatiles significantly. Although lipid oxidation of high fat products (10 and 15% fat) was higher than that of low fat products (4%), high fat products did not always produce greater amount of volatiles. In summary, irradiation increased lipid and cholesterol oxidation, volatiles production and had detrimental effects on the color of raw pork batters under aerobic condition.     

肝转移癌射频消融治疗方案制定——超声造影的应用价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨超声造影（CEUS）在肝转移癌经皮射频消融（RFA）治疗前的应用价值。方法 2001年7月—2012年12月期间经皮RFA治疗的肝转移癌共267例485灶为本研究对象。其中180例251灶RFA治疗前行CEUS检查并确定RFA治疗方案（CEUS组）,另87例234灶为RFA治疗前未行CEUS检查（对照组）。两组病例的各项临床资料差异均无统计学意义（P < 0.05）。治疗后采用增强CT或（和）MRI、CEUS及肿瘤标志物检查定期随访判断疗效。结果 CEUS组中,25.1%（63/251灶）的CEUS测值较常规超声增大3 mm以上;8.8%（22/251灶）CEUS后显示清晰;造影后发现新病灶41灶。RFA治疗后,肿瘤早期灭活率CEUS组与对照组分别为95.2%（239/251灶）、92.7%（217/234灶）,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。局部复发率CEUS组低于对照组,分别为12.4%（31/251）、19.7%（46/234）（P < 0.05）。局部复发时间CEUS组与对照组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 肝转移癌经皮RFA治疗前行CEUS检查有助于准确判断病灶大小及数目,制订有效治疗方案,从而提高肿瘤早期灭活率、降低复发新生率。     

残留复发性肝肿瘤射频消融治疗——超声造影的应用价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨对比增强超声（CEUS）在肝脏残留复发性恶性肿瘤进行射频消融（RFA）治疗的临床应用。方法 517例原发性肝癌（HCC）、肝转移癌患者经各种治疗后残留或局部复发拟行RFA治疗,共619个病灶为研究对象。复发HCC 281例290灶,病灶大小平均（3.4 ± 1.5）cm,其中CEUS引导治疗组150例154灶,常规超声引导组131例136灶。另复发肝转移癌236 例329 灶,病灶大小平均（3.1 ± 1.3）cm,其中CEUS引导治疗组152例198 灶,常规超声引导组84例131灶。结果 复发HCC CEUS组与常规组治疗结果比较:1个月肿瘤灭活率分别为96.1%和89.7%（P = 0.032）;肿瘤局部复发率各为9.7%和17.6%（P = 0.049）;两组间差异均有统计学意义。复发肝转移癌CEUS组与常规组治疗结果比较:1个月肿瘤灭活率88.4%和87.0%（P = 0.712）;肿瘤局部复发率16.7%和23.7%（P = 0.117）,两组间差异均无统计学意义。结论 CEUS 指导RFA治疗复发HCC,可有效提高早期灭活率,降低局部复发。     

SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF VITAMIN B1 ON SANITIZER AND DISINFECTANT TREATMENTS FOR REDUCTION OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN RICE

The synergistic bactericidal effects of vitamin B₁ (thiamine dilauryl sulfate) and the efficacy of commercial sanitizers for minimization of Bacillus cereus contamination in cooked rice were investigated. Sanitizer-treated rice exhibited a greater reduction than water-treated rice, while sanitizer-treated rice with Vitamin B₁ produced an even greater reduction. The treatments for B. cereus in rice included (1) 100 ppm hydrogen peroxide with 500 ppm vitamin B₁; (2) 200 ppm hydrogen peroxide with 100 ppm vitamin B₁; (3) 400 ppm hydrogen peroxide; (4) 50 ppm chlorine with 500 ppm vitamin B₁; (5) 60 ppm chlorine with 300 ppm vitamin B₁; (6) 70 ppm chlorine with 100 ppm vitamin B₁; (7) 80 ppm chlorine; and (8) 100,000 ppm ethanol with 500 vitamin B_1. All treatments completely eliminated B. cereus in rice. The sensory properties of all sanitizer-treated cooked rice did not differ significantly from the same properties for water-treated cooked rice.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The prevalence of Bacillus cereus in rice and rice products has been documented and control of the growth of B. cereus in rice is an important consideration. The results obtained from this study can be of use to rice producers in the manufacture of safe products. Although chemical disinfectants can be used to reduce the amount of B. cereus in rice, vitamin B₁ can also be used as an effective additive that reduces the amount of disinfectant use via a synergistic antimicrobial effect. The increasing use of chemical disinfectants for safety in the food industry can be reversed using our method.     

Control of H2O generated during the CO2 hardening process in a casting mold

An additive reagent was introduced into a water glass binder system for enhancing the mechanical properties and dimension stability of a casting mold, and for improving the surface quality of a cast product. Two different processes with three different additive reagents were employed to investigate the relation between fracture strength of the mold and water (H₂O) existed in the mold. In processes I and II, the mold samples were coated with a water glass binder, and then dipped into different solutions with additive reagent after and before carbon dioxide (CO₂) hardening, respectively. The fracture strength of the mold was enhanced by reducing H₂O content in the mold, achieved by a hydrolysis reaction of additive reagents. In process I, the H₂O movement was restricted in the mold by the solid phase, converted from the water glass during CO₂ hardening. When employing process II, especially in the TEOS used as additive reagent, the fracture strength was significantly increased due to the effective reduction of H₂O content in the mold and the homogeneous generation of glass phase by a sol–gel reaction of the additives.     

奥氏体化时间对AISI 4340钢贝氏体连续转变动力学的影响

利用AISI 4340钢热膨胀实验,研究了奥氏体化时间对贝氏体连续转变动力学的影响.将热膨胀试样加热到950℃,经10-120min奥氏体化,在20s内迅速冷却到550℃,在随后的120min缓慢冷却到350℃,然后以100℃/s迅速冷却至室温.贝氏体连续冷却转变起始温度（Bs）和50%转变温度（Bm）随奥氏体化时间而显著增加,贝氏体相变结束温度（Bf）几乎不变.Bs可能与AlN等碳、氮化合物粒子在原奥氏体晶界的析出及合金元素的作用有关.贝氏体连续冷却转变速率随贝氏体体积分数的变化可以分成三个阶段：快速增长阶段、缓慢减小阶段和快速减小阶段.产生这种现象的原因可能是由于在连续转变过程中温度的降低、碳的扩散及合金元素的作用等造成的.     

基于GPU的Viterbi并行解码算法的设计与实现

针对GPU并行计算特征,对Viterbi解码自身做了并行处理探索,并提出使用Zero-Termination卷积码来实现基于GPU的Viterbi解码分块并行处理.设计的实现结果表明:Zero-Termination卷积码的简单而适用于GPU分块并行;误码率降低,特别是在信噪比低的情况下,Zero-Termination卷积码误码率比不损失码率的卷积码要低.同时,还实现了基于GPU的7,9,15三种不同约束长度的Viterbi解码,获得了良好的误码性能曲线及高吞吐率表现.     

激光熔覆镍基金属陶瓷涂层的组织性能研究

运用 5kWCO2 连续激光器在 16Mn钢表面激光熔覆镍基B4 C金属陶瓷层 (NB4 C)和镍基SiC金属陶瓷层(NSiC) ,研究了两种激光熔覆层的组织、结构、显微硬度及滑动磨损特性 ,并用激光熔覆镍基合金层 (Ni6 0 )进行了滑动磨损对比试验。结果表明 ,熔覆合金层显微组织由枝晶固溶体及其间细密的共晶组织组成 ,NB4 C熔覆层主要组成相为γ Ni,γ (Ni,Fe) ,(Cr,Fe) 7C3,CrB ,Ni3B ,Fe2 B ,Fe2 3(C ,B) 6 和B4 C等 ,NSiC熔覆层主要组成相为γ Ni,γ (Fe,Ni) ,(Cr,Fe) 7C3,Cr2 3C6 和 (Cr ,Si) 3Ni3Si等。三种激光熔覆层的显微硬度及耐滑动磨损性能由高到低的顺序为 :NB4 C→NSiC→Ni6 0。     

NEURAL NETWORK MODELING FOR ESTIMATION OF SCOUR DEPTH AROUND BRIDGE PIERS

It is essential to predict the scour depth around bridge piers for hydraulic engineers involved in the economical design of bridge pier foundation. Conventional investigations have long been of the opinion that empirical scour prediction equations based on laboratory data over predict scour depths. In this article, the Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPN) was applied to predict the scour depth in order to overcome the problem of exclusive and the nonlinear relationships. The observations obtained from thirteen states in USA was verified by the present model. From the comparison with conventional experimental methods, it can be found that the scour depth around bridge piers can be efficiently predicted using the BPN.