The development and evaluation of novel nano-pour point depressant

Chemical pour point depressant modification is an important means to reduce pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil. In recent years, the research on the modification of pour point depressants has made a great progress. This paper summarizes the types of novel nano-pour point depressants, preparation methods, evaluation methods, mechanism of action and influencing factors. The development of the pour point depressant and the future outlook made a brief summary.     

Zn(II) Complex Catalyzed Coupling Aquathermolysis of Water-Heavy Oil-Methanol at Low Temperature

A Zn(II) coordination complex was synthesized, characterized, and used for catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil at low temperatures for the first time. The effects of water content and catalyst concentration on aquathermolysis were investigated. And then a tri-component coupling aquathermolysis of waterheavy oil-methanol was designed and the reaction conditions were investigated. With the catalyst and methanol, the reaction occurred at temperatures as low as 180°C. The viscosity of the product was also substantially reduced from around 24 400 to 6420 mPa s by the decomposition of the large hydrocarbon molecules.     

净化厂回用水对循环水影响及控制措施研究

为了提高水资源利用率,川渝某净化厂将电渗析水、蒸发结晶水投加至循环水系统,但现场腐蚀挂片显示腐蚀速率为0.15mm/a,超过GB 50050-2007要求。水质分析表明,电渗析水和蒸发结晶水中的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量较低,如补充水量较大,会导致浓缩倍数较低,增加水质的稳定指数,提高水体的腐蚀性。室内考察了净化厂回用水对循环冷却水系统的影响,并以有机磷酸盐复配了相适应的水处理药剂b,在ρ(Ca~(2+))+碱度为200~600mg/L的水质范围内,缓蚀率和阻垢率均高达90%,保障了净化厂稳定运行。     

特低渗透油藏CO_2驱油室内实验与矿场应用

延长石油特低渗透油藏储量丰富,注水开发中存在易水敏、注水困难等问题。CO_2驱能有效补充地层能量,改善地层原油性质,进而提高油藏采收率。利用CO_2-地层原油接触实验、岩心渗流和驱替室内实验,描述CO_2-地层原油两相渗流特征,分析CO_2驱油机理和驱油特征,并在靖边特低渗油藏进行了矿场实验。研究表明,特低渗储层CO_2-原油油气两相共渗范围大,CO_2具有降低原油黏度,使原油体积膨胀等作用,非混相驱和混相驱均可较好地开发特低渗透油藏,其中生产井见气前与低气液比阶段是油藏主要生产期。CO_2驱矿场试验表明,特低渗透油藏注气能力是注水能力的2倍,注气能快速有效补充地层能量,增加油田产量,目前试验区生产整体呈日产液、日产油上升态势。     

对纳米硅薄膜高电导机制的探讨

使用超高真空PECVD薄膜沉积系统制备的纳米桂薄膜（nc－Si：H）具有高电导特性。为了探讨其导电机制，先使用K．Yoshida早期提出的两相无序结构有效电导模型分别对晶粒电导和界面电导进行了理论计算。指出，nc－Si：H股中高电导主要来自于细微晶粒的传导，界面可视之为非导体。另一方面，实验证实nc－Si：H股的电导率随平均品粒尺寸减少而增大，具有明显的小尺寸效应。文中首次提出，nc－Si：H膜的微晶粒具有异质结量子点（HQD）特性，并按此模型对nc－Si：H膜的电导率实验曲线进行了讨论。理论与实验结果符合得很好．又得出，硅薄膜结构在其晶态体积百分比Xc=0．30和0．70处呈现出两个明显的相变点。     

光纤光参量放大增益特性的研究

分析了光纤光参量放大过程泵浦光与信号光的非线性相互作用，得到信号光增益G_s。进一步分析G_s，获得其增益带宽特性，只有在泵浦波长大于光纤零色散波长时才有增益，带宽约为50nm。     

Cisoid parameter estimation in the colored noise case: asymptoticCramer-Rao bound, maximum likelihood, and nonlinear least-squares

The problem of estimating the parameters of complex-valued sinusoidal signals (cisoids, for short) from data corrupted by colored noise occurs in many signal processing applications. We present a simple formula for the asymptotic (large-sample) Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) matrix associated with this problem. The maximum likelihood method (MLM), which estimates both the signal and noise parameters, attains the performance corresponding to the asymptotic CRB, as the sample length increases. More interestingly, we show that a computationally much simpler nonlinear least-squares method (NLSM), which estimates the signal parameters only, achieves the same performance in large samples     

Automatic extraction and measurement of leukocyte motion inmicrovessels using spatiotemporal image analysis

This paper describes a computer vision system for the automatic extraction and velocity measurement of moving leukocytes that adhere to microvessel walls from a sequence of images. The motion of these leukocytes can be visualized as motion along the wall contours. The authors use the constraint that the leukocytes move along the vessel wall contours to generate a spatiotemporal image, and the leukocyte motion is then extracted using the methods of spatiotemporal image analysis. The generated spatiotemporal image is processed by a special-purpose orientation-selective filter and a subsequent grouping process newly developed for this application. The orientation-selective filter is designed by considering the particular properties of the spatiotemporal image in this application in order to enhance only the traces of leukocytes. In the subsequent grouping process, leukocyte trace segments are selected and grouped among all the segments obtained by simple thresholding and skeletonizing operations. The authors show experimentally that the proposed method can stably extract leukocyte motion     

二维卡尔曼─中值混合自适应滤波

本文提出了能同时抑制加性噪声，脉冲噪声干扰和点扩展函数模糊，又能保护图象边缘及细节信息的新型滤波方法—“二维Kalman－Median混合自适应滤波”，并成功地应用于统计图象恢复，取得了满意的效果。     

复杂形体目标激光散射特征测量系统的研制

复杂形体目标激光散射特征的测量系统中，利用反射式离轴光路满足了可见到远红外波段的测量需要，通过大孔径（250mm）物方远心接收光路实现了对实际远场的模拟测量，以光滑镀金球体作为标准器，可直接获得任意目标散射截面的绝对值。在0．6328、1．06和10．6μm三个波段针对标准器的实测结果表明，平均误差小于4．95％。