电解铝液生产高品质6061铝合金圆铸锭工艺研究与实践

探讨了用电解铝液直接生产高品质6061铝合金圆铸锭工艺技术,主要在熔体处理、炉内精炼、晶粒细化、炉外在线净化、均匀化处理和生产设备等方面采取了相应的技术措施.结果表明,优化后的生产工艺制度能够满足高品质6061铝合金圆铸锭的质量要求,在均匀化过程中适宜的均匀化工艺为560℃×8h.     

Multifunctional heteroatom zeolites: construction and applications

Multifunctional heteroatom zeolites have drawn broad attentions due to the possible synergistic effects in the catalytic reactions. Remarkable achievements have been made on the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of multifunctional heteroatom zeolite, while a review on this important topic is still missing. Herein, current research status of multifunctional heteroatom zeolites is briefly summarized, aiming to boost further researches. First, the synthesis strategies toward heteroatom zeolites are introduced, including the direct synthesis and postsynthesis routes; then, the spectroscopic techniques to identify the existing states of heteroatom sites and the corresponding physiochemical properties are shown and compared; finally, the catalytic applications of multifunctional heteroatom zeolites in various chemical reactions, especially in one-step tandem reactions, are discussed.     

Research on full-aperture ductile cutting of KDP crystals using spiral turning technique

Single point diamond face flycutting technique is widely applied to fabricate potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals because of their characteristics of softness, brittleness, deliquescence and anisotropy. This paper studies the feasibility of machining KDP crystals through spiral turning method based on the ductile cutting mechanism of brittle materials. The spiral scratch method is employed to analyze various conditions of achieving brittle–ductile transition in different cutting directions where the critical depth of cut is obtained. The cutting forces and surface formation processes within different cutting parameters are discussed and the parameters ensuring full-aperture ductile turning are acquired. White light interferometer and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) are used to evaluate the coherence of machined surface qualities in different cutting directions. The results indicate that the critical depth of cut varies from cutting directions significantly and fluctuates from about 200 nm to 1000 nm under the experimental condition. Cutting forces display periodical variation with the change of cutting direction and the periodical trend blurs, even ultimately disappears, with the decrease of the cutting parameters. Root-Mean-Square (RMS) value of the fabricated surface roughness fluctuates from 1.3 nm to 1.7 nm on the whole surface with no distinct anisotropic distribution of the surface morphology according to the results observed by AFM. Compared with face flycutting method, spiral turning method has capability to generate complex surface profiles such as aspheric or freeform surfaces and can also be used to compensate the deformation error of KDP crystals caused by vacuum suction during fabrication.     

由氮氧化物导致的乙烯装置冷箱低压甲烷侧冻堵分析

针对中沙乙烯冷箱系统低压甲烷侧冻堵情况,基于乙烯装置因氮氧化物(NOx)导致冷箱冻堵,检测了在不同复热时期不同取样点的NOx、形态氮、总氮以及裂解原料中氮和氧含量.分析认为,冷箱中NOx的形成原因为进入深冷系统的裂解气从裂解单元带入NO,在冷箱中与O2反应,原料中的氮化物形成了NOx.     

蒽醌法合成过氧化氢催化剂的研究进展

过氧化氢（H₂O₂, 俗称双氧水）, 由于其强氧化性常用作漂白剂、消毒剂, 同时也作化工原料。目前工业上生产过氧化氢的主要方法为蒽醌法, 全球近99%的产品均通过蒽醌法制得。研究具有高活性、高选择性及经济性的催化剂是合成过氧化氢所面对的最具挑战性的课题, 同时也是工业催化领域的研究热点之一。主要针对蒽醌法制过氧化氢催化剂, 综述了各种活性组分、载体及助剂在蒽醌加氢催化剂中的研究进展, 并简单探讨了各种活性组分的优缺点, 概括了各种载体、助剂的作用, 以期对过氧化氢催化剂的合成制备提供一些有益的启示。     

Facile joining of SiC ceramics with screen-printed polycarbosilane without pressure

Joining of SiC ceramics was successfully achieved at a relatively low temperature of 1500 °C without any pressure using pure polycarbosilane (PCS) as the joining material, which was distributed homogenously on the surface of SiC monolith through a screen printing method. The XRD pattern shows that the pyrolysis product of PCS is single-phase SiC. The interlayer thickness of the SiC joint is approximately 2 μm. This ultra-thin interlayer with lower possibility of the existence of defects contributes to the average shear strength of 105.8 ± 10.4 MPa, higher than that of other works using other preceramic polymers to the best of our knowledge. Due to the simplicity, low cost and high joining strength, the screen printing method using PCS as the joining material has good practicality in SiC ceramics joining.     

Nanocrystallization and optical properties of CsPbBr3−xIx perovskites in chalcogenide glasses

The confinement of CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) in a stabilized inorganic glass matrix is a new strategy for improving their long-term stability and promoting their applications in the optoelectronic field. Here, in situ nanocrystallization strategy is developed to precipitate CsPbBr_3?xI_x NCs with arbitrary I/Br ratio among an elaborately designed GeS₂–Sb₂S₃-based chalcogenide glass matrix. Spherical CsPbBr_3?xI_x NCs are homogeneously distributed in the glass matrix after thermal treatment. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show that the emission peaks of CsPbBr_3?xI_x NCs can be tuned from 570 nm to 722 nm with the replacement of Br by I. The fs transient absorption (TA) spectra reveal that there exists some structural defects in the NCs, leading to short PL decay life. This work would shed light on confining CsPbX₃ NCs into glassy matrices, facilitating their future applications in photoelectronic fields.     

Electrochemical performance of in situ LiFePO4 modified by N-doped graphene for Li-ion batteries

LiFePO₄ modified by N-doped graphene (NG) with a three-dimensional conductive network structure was synthesized via a one-step in situ hydrothermal method. The effects of N amount of NG on the phase structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of LiFePO₄ are investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that doping suitable N amounts in NG do not alter the crystal structure of LiFePO_4, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that NG can slightly reduce the particle size of LiFePO₄. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results show that the LiFePO₄ particles are well covered and connected by NG. The electrochemical performance confirms that LiFePO₄ modified by 20% N-doped graphene (named LFP/NG-4) displays a perfect specific capacity of 166.6 mAh·g^?1 at a rate of 0.2C and can reach 125 mAh·g^?1 at a rate of 5 C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results illustrate that the charge transfer resistance value of the LFP/NG-4 composite is only 58.6 Ω, which is very low compared with LiFePO₄. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests indicate that the addition of 20% N-doped graphene can effectively reduce electrode polarization and improve reversibility. The LFP/NG-4 composite with a three-dimensional conductive network structure can be regarded as a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries.     

The structure,vacancy characteristics,and magnetic properties of GdMn1-xCrxO3 ceramics

To investigate the evolution of the structural and enhanced magnetic properties of GdMnO₃ systems induced by the substitution of Mn with Cr, polycrystalline GdMn_1-xCr_xO₃ samples were synthesized via solid-state reactions. XRD characterization shows that all GdMn_1-xCr_xO₃ compounds with single-phase structures crystallize well and that Cr³⁺ ions entering the lattice sites of GdMnO₃ induce structural distortion. SEM results indicate that the grain size of the synthesized samples (a few microns) decreases as the Cr substitution concentration increases. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy reveals that vacancy-type defects occur in GdMn_1-xCr_xO₃ ceramics and that the vacancy size and concentration clearly change with the Cr content. The temperature and field dependence of the magnetization curves show that Cr substitution significantly influences the magnetic ordering of the gadolinium sublattice, improving the weak ferromagnetic transition temperature and magnetization of GdMn_1-xCr_xO₃. The enhanced magnetization of GdMn_1-xCr_xO₃ is closely related to the vacancy defect concentration.     

四川盆西平原区裸土扬尘中Pb、Cd化学形态的尺度效应

为了探究四川盆西平原区裸土扬尘中Pb、Cd总量与其尺度效应的关系,模拟土壤样品的Pb、Cd污染,通过实验室内的模拟起尘研究系统对土壤样品开展试验,对各粒级悬浮颗粒物中Pb、Cd的赋存状态及其尺度效应进行分析,并进一步对土壤中的黏土颗粒进行提取分析,结果表明:试验条件下,随着粒径的减小,Pb、Cd在四川盆西平原区裸土扬尘...